|
A
Abdel-Wahab, A., A.-M. A. Abdel-Muhsin, E. Ali, S. Suleiman, S. Ahmed, D. Walliker, and H. A. Babiker, 2002: Dynamics of Gametocytes among Plasmodium falciparum Clones in Natural Infections in an Area of Highly Seasonal Transmission. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 185, 1838-1842. |
Abeku, T. A., G. J. van Oortmarssen, G. Borsboom, S. J. de Vlas, and J. D. F. Habbema, 2003: Spatial and temporal variations of malaria epidemic risk in Ethiopia: factors involved and implications. Acta Tropica, 87, 331-340. |
Abeku, T. A., S. I. Hay, S. Ochola, P. Langi, B. Beard, S. J. de Vlas, and J. Cox, 2004: Malaria epidemic early warning and detection in African highlands. Trends in Parasitology, 20, 400-405. |
Afrane, Y. A., E. Klinkenberg, P. Drechsel, K. Owusu-Daaku, R. Garms, and T. Kruppa, 2004: Does irrigated urban agriculture influence the transmission of malaria in the city of Kumasi, Ghana? Acta Tropica, 89, 125-134. |
Ahumada, J. A., D. Lapointe, and M. D. Samuel, 2004: Modeling the Population Dynamics of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae), along an Elevational Gradient in Hawaii. Journal of Medical Entomology, 41, 1157-70. |
Akim, N. I., C. Drakeley, T. Kingo, B. Simon, K. Senkoro, and R. W. Sauerwein, 2000: Dynamics of P. falciparum gametocytemia in symptomatic patients in an area of intense perennial transmission in Tanzania. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 63, 199-203. |
Akogbéto, M., J. P. Chippaux, and M. Coluzzi, 1992: Le paludisme urbain côtier à Cotonou (République du Bénin). Étude entomologique. Revue d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 1992, 40 233-239. |
Akogbéto, M., and A. Nahum, 1996: Impact des moustiquaires imprégnées de deltaméthrine sur la transmission du paludisme dans un milieu côtier lagunaire, Bénin. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 89, 291-298. |
Akogbéto, M., 1995: Étude entomologique sur la transmission du paludisme côtier lagunaire : cas d'un village construit sur un lac d'eau sâumatre. Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 75, 219-227. |
Akogbéto, M., 2000: Le paludisme côtier lagunaire à Cotonou: données entomologiques. Cahiers Santé, 10, 267-275 |
Allard, P, 2000: Der Einfluß von "??African Easterly Waves"-Ereignissen auf den Niederschlag und die Feuchtetransporte für ausgewählte Gebiete in Westafrika. Diploma thesis, Institute for Geophysic and Meteorology, University of Cologne, 79pp. |
Ali, E., M. J. Mackinnon, A. A. Abdel-Muhsin, S. Ahmed, D. Walliker, and H. A. Babiker, 2006: Increased density but not prevalence of gametocytes following drug treatment of Plasmodium falciparum. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 100, 176-183. |
Anderson, R. M., and R. M. May, 1991: Infectious Diseases of Humans: Transmission and Control. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 757 pp. |
Aniedu I., M. J. Mutinga, and C. M. Mutero, 1993: Vertical estimates of survivorship of larvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae Giles complex in Baringo district, Kenya. Insect Science and its Application, 14, 39-48. |
Antonio-Nkondjio, C., P. Awono-Ambene, J. C. Toto, M. Y. Meunier, S. Zebaze-Kemleu R. Nyambam, C. S. Wondji, T. Tchuinkam, and D. Fontenille, 2002: High malaria transmission intensity in a village close to Yaounde, the capital city of Cameroon. Journal of Medical Entomology, 39, 350-355. |
Antonio-Nkondjio, C., F. Simard, P. Awono-Ambene, P. Ngassam, J. C. Toto, T. Tchuinkam, and D. Fontenille, 2005: Malaria vectors and urbanization in the equatorial forest region of south Cameroon. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 99, 347-354. |
Appawu, M., S. Owusu-Agyei, S. Dadzie, V. Asoala, F. Anto, K. Koram, W. Rogers, F. Nkrumah, S. L. Hoffman, and D. J. Fryauff, 2004: Malaria transmission dynamics at a site in northern Ghana proposed for testing malaria vaccines. Tropical medicine and international health, 9, 164-170. |
Armstrong Schellenberg, J., J. N. Newell, R. W. Snow, V. Mung'ala, K. Marsh, P. G. Smith, and R. J. Hayes, 1998: An analysis of the geographical distribution of severe malaria in children in Kilifi district, Kenya. International Journal of Epidemiology, 27, 323-329. |
Aron, J. L., 1988: Mathematical modelling of immunity to malaria. Mathematical Biosciences, 90, 385-396. |
Arredondo-Jimenez, J. I., M. H. Rodriguez, and R. K. Washino, 1998: Gonotrophic cycle and survivorship of Anopheles vestitipennis (Diptera: Culicidae) in two different ecological areas of southern Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 35, 937-942. |
Awolola, T. S., O. Okwa, R. H. Hunt, A. F. Ogunrinade, and M. Coetzee, 2002: Dynamics of the malaria-vector populations in coastal Lagos, south-western Nigeria. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 96, 75-82. |
B
Babiker, H. A., A.-M. A. Abdel-Muhsin, L. C. Ranford-Cartwright, G. Satti, and D. Walliker, 1998: Characteristics of Plasmodium Falciparum parasites that survive the lenghty dry season in eastern Sudan where Malaria transmission is markedly seasonal. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 59, 582-590. |
Babiker, H. A., A. Abdel-Wahab, S. Ahmed, S. Suleiman, L. Ranford-Cartwright, R. Carter, and D. Walliker, 1999: Detection of low level Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 99, 143-148. |
Bader,, J., and M. Latif, 2003: The impact of decadal-scale Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies on Sahelian rainfall and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 2169 doi:10.1029/2003GL018426. |
Baird, J. K., S. Owusu Agyei, G. C. Utz, K. Koram, M. J. Barcus, T. R. Jones, D. J. Fryauff, F. N. Binka, S. L. Hoffman, and F. N. Nkrumah, 2002: Seasonal malaria attack rates in infants and young children in northern Ghana. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 66, 280-286. |
Balk, D., and G. Yetman, 2004: The Global Distribution of Population: Evaluating the gains in resolution refinement. Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network, New York, 10 pp. |
Balme, M., T. Vischel, T. Lebel, C. Peugeot, and S. Galle, 2006: Assessing the water balance in the Sahel: Impact of small scale rainfall variability on runoff. Part 1: Rainfall variability analysis. Journal of Hydrology, 331, 336-348. |
Barnish, G., G. H. Maude, M. J. Bockarie, T. A. Eggelte, B. M. Greenwood, and S. Ceesay, 1993a: Malaria in a rural area of Sierra Leone. I. Initial results. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 87, 125-136. |
Barnish, G., G. H. Maude, M. J. Bockarie, O. A. Erunkulu, M. S. Dumbuya, and B. M. Greenwood, 1993b: Malaria in a rural area of Sierra Leone. II. Parasitological and related results from pre- and post-rains clinical surveys. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 87, 137-148. |
Barnola, J. M., D. Raymond, Y. S. Korotkevich, and C. Lorius, 1987: Vostock ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO2. Nature, 329, 408-414. |
Bayoh, M. N., 2001: Studies on the development and survival of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto at various temperatures and relative humidities. PhD thesis, University of Durham, ?? pp. |
Bayoh, M. N., and S. W. Lindsay, 2003: Effect of temperature on the development of the aquatic stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Dipteria: Culicidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 93, 375-381. |
Bayoh, M. N., and S. W. Lindsay, 2004: Temperature-related duration of aquatic stages of the Afrotropical malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae in the laboratory. Medical & Veterinary Entomology, 18, 174-179. |
Bayoh, M. N., C. J. Thomas, and S. W. Lindsay, 2001: Mapping distributions of chromosomal forms of Anopheles gambiae in West Africa using climate data. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 15, 267-274. |
Bayoh, M. N., and S. W. Lindsay, 2003: Effect of temperature on the development of the aquatic stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 93, 375-381. |
Bekessy, A., L. Molineaux, Y. Storey, 1976: Estimation of incidence and recovery rates of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia, from longitudinal data. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 54, 685-693. |
Beklemishev, W. N., T. S. Detinova, and V. P. Polovodova, 1959: Determination of physiological age in anophelines and of age distribution in anopheline populations in the USSR. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 21, 223-32. |
Beier, J. C., R. Copeland, C. Oyaro, A. Masinya, W. O. Odago, S. Oduor, D. K. Koech, and C. R. Roberts, 1990: Anopheles gambiae complex egg-stage survival in dry soil from larval development sites in western Kenya. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 6, 105-109. |
Beier, J. C., J. R. Davis, J. A. Vaughan, B. H. Noden, and M. S. Beier, 1991: Quantitation of Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites Transmitted in Vitro by Experimentally Infected Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 44, 564-570. |
Beier, J. C., R. S. Copeland, R. Mtalib, and J. A. Vaughan, 1992: Ookinete rates in afrotropical anopheline mosquitoes as a measure of human malaria infectiousness. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 47, 41-46. |
Beier, J. C., C. N. Oster, F. K. Onyango, J. D. Bales, J. A. Sherwood, P. V. Perkins, D. K. Chumo, D. V. Koech, R. E. Whitmire, C. R. Roberts, C. L. Diggs, and S. L. Hoffman, 1994: Plasmodium falciparum incidence relative to entomologic inoculation rates at a site proposed for testing malaria vaccines in western Kenya. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 50, 529-536. |
Beier, J. C., G. F. Killeen, and J. I. Githure, 1999: Short report: entomologic inoculation rates and Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence in Africa. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 61, 109-113. |
Besancenot, J.-P., M. Boko, and P. C. Oke, 1997: Weather conditions and cerebrospinal meningitis in Benin (Gulf of Guinea, West Africa) European Journal of Epidemiology, 13, 807-815. |
Besancenot, J.-P., P. Handschumacher, J.-A. Ndione, I. Mbaye, and K. Laaidi, 2004: Climat, eau et santé au Sahel ouest-africain. Sécheresse, 15, 233-241. |
Biasutti, M., and A. Giannini, 2006: Robust Sahel drying in response to late 20th century forcings. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L11706, doi:10.1029/2006GL026067. |
Bicout, D. J. and P. Sabatier, 2004: Mapping Rift Valley Fever Vectors and Prevalence Using Rainfall Variations. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 4, 33-42. |
Bild der Wissenschaft, 2006: Großangriff auf die Malaria. Bild der Wissenschaft, 10, 26-33. |
Billingsley, P. F., J. D. Charlwood, and B. G. J. Knols, 2005: Rapid assessment of malaria risk using entomological techniques: taking an epidemiological snapshot. In: W. Takken, P. Martens, and R. J. Bogers, 2005: Environmental Change and Malaria Risk - Global and Local Implications. Wageningen UR Frontis Series, Springer, 9, 51-67. |
Binka, F. N., S. S. Morris, D. A. Ross, P. Arthur, and M. E. Aryeetey, 1994: Patterns of malaria morbidity and mortality in children in northern Ghana. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88, 381-385. |
Binka, F. N. , A. Hodgson, M. Adjuik, and T. Smith, 2002: Mortality in a seven-and-a-half-year follow-up of a trial of insecticide-treated mosquito nets in Ghana. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96, 597-599. |
Björkman A., P. Hedman, J. Brohult, M. Willcox, I. Diamant, P. O. Pehrsson, L. Rombo, and E. Bengtsson, 1985: Different malaria control activities in an area of Liberia - effects on malariometric parameters. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 79, 239-246. |
Björkman A., P. Hedman, J. Brohult, M. Willcox, I. Diamant, P. O. Pehrsson, L. Rombo, and E. Bengtsson, 1985: Different malaria control activities in an area of Liberia - effects on malariometric parameters. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 79, 239-246. |
Bockarie, M. J., M. W. Service, G. Barnish, G. H. Maude, and B. M. Greenwood, 1994: Malaria in a rural area of Sierra Leone. III. Vector ecology and disease transmission. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 88, 251-262. |
Bonnet, S., C. Gouagna, I. Safeukui, J.-Y. Meunier, and C. Boudin, 2000: Comparison of artificial membrane feeding with direct skin feeding to estimate infectiousness of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers to mosquitoes. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94, 103-106. |
Bonnet, S., R. E. Paul, C. Gouagna, I. Safeukui, J. Y. Meunier, R. Gounoue, and C. Boudin, 2002: Level and dynamics of malaria transmission and morbidity in an equatorial area of South Cameroon. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 7, 249-256. |
Bonnet, S., L. C. Gouagna, R. E. Paul, I. Safeukui, J.-Y. Meunier, and C. Boudin, 2003: Estimation of malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes in two neighbouring villages in south Cameroon: evaluation and comparison of several indices. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97, 53-59. |
Boudin, C., V. Robert, P. Carnevale, and T. P. Ambroise, 1991a: Epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum in a rice field and a savanna area in Burkina Faso: seasonal fluctuations of gametocytaemia and malaria infectivity. Annals of Tropical medicine and Parasitology, 85, 377-385. |
Boudin, C., V. Robert, J. P. Verhave, P. Carnevale, and P. Ambroise-Thomas, 1991b: Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae epidemiology in a West African village. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 69, 199-205. |
Boudin, C., V. Robert, P. Carnevale, and P. Ambroise-Thomas, 1992: Epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum in a rice field and a savanna area in Burkina Faso. Comparative study on the acquired immunoprotection in native populations. Acta Tropica, 51, 103-111. |
Boudin, C., M. Olivier, J.-F. Molez, J.-P. Chiron, and P. Ambroise-Thomas, 1993: High human malarial infectivity to laboratory-bred Anopheles gambiae in a village in Burkina Faso. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 48, 700-706. |
Boudin, C., A. Diop, A. Gaye, L. Gadiaga, C. Gouagna, I. Safeukui, and S. Bonnet, 2005: Plasmodium falciparum transmission blocking immunity in three areas with perennial or seasonal endemicity and different levels of transmission. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 73, 1090-1095. |
Bouma, M. J., H. E. Sondrop, and H. J. van der Kaay, 1994: Health and climate change. The Lancet, 343, 302. |
Bousema, J. T., L. C. Gouagna, C. J. Drakeley, A. M. Meutstege, B. A. Okech, I. N. J. Akim, J. C. Beier, J. I. Githure, and R. W. Sauerwein, 2004: Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in asymptomatic children in western Kenya. Malaria Journal, 3: 18. |
Bouvier, P., N. Breslow, O. Doumbo, C.-F. Robert, M. Picquet, A. Mauris, A. Dolo, H. K. Dembele, V. Delley, and A. Rougemont, 1997: Seasonality, malaria and impact of prophylaxis in a West African village II. Effect on birthweight. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56, 384-389. |
Boyd, M. F., 1949: Malariology, Volume 1. Philadelphia, 787 pp. |
Braack, L. E. O., M. Coetzee, R. H. Hunt, H. Biggs, A. Cornel, and A. Gericke, 1994: Biting pattern and host-seeking. behavior of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northeastern South Africa. Journal of Medical Entomology, 31, 333-339. |
Brabin, B. J., S. O. F. Agbaje, Y. Ahmed, and N. D. Briggs, 1999: A birthweight nomogram for Africa, as a malaria-control indicator. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93 (Suppl. 1), S43-S57. |
Breman, J. G., A. Egan, and G. T. Keusch, 2001: Introduction and summary: The intolerable burden of malaria: A new look at the numbers. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 64 (Suppl. 1-2), iv-vii. |
Briët, O. J. T., 2002: A simple method for calculating mosquito mortality rates, correcting for seasonal variations in recruitment. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 16, 22-27. |
Briët, O. J. T., J. Dossou-Yovo, E. Akodo, N. van de Giesen, and T. M. Teuscher, 2003: The relationship between Anopheles gambiae density and rice cultivation in the savannah zone and forest zone of Côte d'Ivoire. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 8, 439-448. |
Brinkmann, U., and A. Brinkmann, 1991: Malaria and health in Africa: the present situation and epidemiological trends. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 42, 204-213. |
Bruce-Chwatt, L. J., 1951: Gametocyte rates. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 44, 761-763. |
Bruce, M. C., P. Alano, and R. Carter, 1990: Commitment of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to sexual and asexual development. Parasitology, 100, 191-200. |
Buckling, A., L. Crooks, and A. F. Read, 1999: Plasmodium chabaudi: Effect of Antimalarial Drugs on Gametocytogenesis. Experimental Parasitology, 93, 45-54. |
Buckling, A., and A. F. Read, 2001: The effect of partial host immunity on the transmission of malaria parasites. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 268, 2325-2330. |
Burkot, T. R., W. G. Goodman, and G. R. DeFoliart, 1984a: Identification of mosquito blood meals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 30, 1336-1341. |
Burkot, T. R., J. L. Williams, and I. Schneider, 1984b: Identification of Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes by a double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 33, 783-788. |
Burkot, T. R., P. M. Graves, R. Paru, R. A. Wirtz, and P. F. Heywood, 1988: Human malaria transmission studies in the Anopheles punctulatus complex in Papua New Guinea: Sporozoite rates, inoculation rates, and sporozoite densities. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 39, 135-144. |
Burkot, T. R., P. M. Graves, R. Paru, D. Battistutta, A. Barnes, and A. Saul, 1990: Variations in malaria transmission rates are not related to anophelines survivorship per feeding cycle. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 43, 321-327. |
C
Carneiro, I., A. Roca-Feltrer, and J. Schellenberg, 2005.: Estimates of the burden of malaria morbidity in Africa in children under the age of five years. Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group Working Paper, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, http://www.who.int/child-adolescenthealth/New_Publications/CHILD_HEALTH/EPI/CHERG_Malaria_Morbidity.pdf. |
Carnevale, P., J. L. Frézil, M. F. Bosseno, F. le Pont, and J. Lancien, 1978: Etude de l'agressivité d'Anopheles gambiae A en fonction de l'âge et du sexe des sujets humains. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 56, 147-154. |
Carnevale, P., and V. Robert, 1987: Introduction of irrigation in Burkina Faso and its effect on malaria transmission. In: Effects of Agricultural Development on Vector-borne Diseases. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 57-67. |
Carnevale, P., V. Robert, C. Boudin, J.-M. Halna, L. Pazart, P. Gazin, A. Richard, and J. Mouchet, 1988: La lutte contre le paludisme par des moustiquaires imprégnées de pyréthrinoides au Burkina Faso. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 81, 832-846. |
Carnevale, P., G. Le Goff, J.-C. Toto, and V. Robert, 1992: Anopheles nili as the main vector of human malaria in villages of southern Cameroon. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 6, 135-138. |
Carnevale, P., P. Guillet, V. Robert, D. Fontenille, J. Doannio, M. Coosemans, and J. Mouchet, 1999: Diversity of malaria in rice growing areas of the Afrotropical region. Parassitologia, 41, 273-276. |
Carter, R., and L. H. Miller, 1979: Evidence for environmental modulation of gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium falciparum in continuous culture. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 57 (Suppl. 1), S37-S52. |
Carter, R., N. Kumar, I. Quakyi, M. Good, K. Mendis, P. Graves, and L. H. Miller, 1988: Immunity to Sexual Stages of Malaria Parasites Progess in Allergy, 41, 193-214. |
Cattani, J. A., J. L. Tulloch, H. Vrbova, D. Jolley, F. D. Gibson, J. S. Moir, P. F. Heywood, M. P. Alpers, A. Stevenson, and R. Clancy, 1986: The Epidemiology of Malaria in a Population Surrounding Madang, Papua New Guinea. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 35, 3-15. |
Chalvet-Monfray, K., P. Sabatier, and D. J. Bicout, 2007: Downscaling modeling of the aggressiveness of mosquitoes vectors of diseases. Ecological Modelling, 204, 540-546. |
Charlwood, J. D., J. Kihonda, S. Sama, P. F. Billingsley, H. Hadji, J. P. Verhave, E. Lyimo, P. C. Luttikhuizen, and T. Smith, 1995: The rise and fall of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Tanzanian village. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 85, 37-44. |
Charlwood, J. D. , T. Smith, P. F. Billingsley, W. Takken, E. O. K. Lyimo, and J. H. E. T. Meuwissen, 1997: Survival and infection probabilities of anthropophagic anophelines from an area of high prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum in humans. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 87, 445-453. |
Charlwood, J. D., R. Vij, and P. F. Billingsley, 2000: Dry season refugia of Malaria-transmitting mosquitoes in a dry savannah zone of East Africa. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62, 726-732. |
Cheesbrough, J. S., A. P. Morse, and S. D. R. Green, 1995: Meningococcal meningitis and carriage in western Zaire: A hypoendemic zone related to climate? Epidemiology and Infection, 114, 75-92. |
Chen, M., P. Xie, J. E. Janowiak, and P. A. Arkin, 2002: Global Land Precipitation: A 50-yr Monthly Analysis Based on Gauge Observations. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 3, 249-266. |
Cherubini, T., S. Businger, C. Velden, and R. Ogasawara, 2006: Assimilation of satellite derived winds in mesoscale forecasts over Hawaii. Monthly Weather Review, 134, 2009-2020. |
Chippaux, J. P., A. Massougbodji, P. Olliaro, F. Gay, S. Caligaris, and M. Danis, 1989: Sensitivity in vitro of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and mefloquine in two regions of Benin. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 83, 584-585. |
Christensen, J. H. , B. Hewitson, A. Busuioc, A. Chen, X. Gao, I. Held, R. Jones, R. K. Kolli, W. -T. Kwon, R. Laprise, V. Magaa Rueda, L. Mearns, C. G. Menéndez, J. Räisänen, A. Rinke, A. Sarr, and P. Whetton, 2007a: Regional Climate Projections. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. |
Christensen, T., B. M. Knudsen, J.-P. Pommereau, G. Letrenne, A. Hertzog, F. Vial, J. Ovarlez, and M. Piot, 2007b: Evaluation of ECMWF ERA-40 temperature and wind in the lower tropical stratosphere since 1988 from past long-duration balloon measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 7, 3399-3409. |
Christophers, S. R., 1924: The mechanism of immunity against malaria in communities living under hyper-endemic conditions. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 12, 273-294. |
Clements, A. N., and G. D. Paterson, 1981: The analysis of mortality and survival rates in wild populations of mosquitoes. The journal of applied ecology, 18, 373-399. |
Coetzee, M., M. H. Craig, and D. le Sueur, 2000: Distribution of African Malaria Mosquitoes Belonging to the Anopheles gambiae Complex. Parasitol. Today, 16, 74-77. |
Coetzee, M., 2004: Distribution of the African malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae complex. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 70, 103-104. |
Cohuet, A., F. Simard, J. C. Toto, P. Kengne, M. Coetzee, and D. Fontenille, 2003: Species identification within the Anopheles funestus group of malaria vectors in Cameroon and evidence for a new species. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 69, 200-205. |
Cohuet, A., F. Simard, C. S. Wondji, C. Antonio-Nkondjio, P. Awono-Ambene, and D. Fontenille, 2004: High Malaria Transmission Intensity Due to Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Village of Savannah-Forest Transition Area in Cameroon. Journal of Medical Entomology, 41, 901-905. |
Collins, W. E. and G. M. Jeffery, 1999: A retrospective examination of the patterns of recrudescence in patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 61, 44-48. |
Coluzzi, M., A. Sabatini, V. Petrarca, and M. A. Di Deco, 1979: Chromosomal differentiation and adaptation to human envirionments in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 5, 483-497. |
Colwell, R., P. Epstein, D. Gubler, M. Hall, P. Reiter, J. Shukla, W. Sprigg, E. Takafuji, and J. Trtanj, 1998: Global Climate Change and Infectious Diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 4, 451-452. |
Colwell, R. R., and J. A. Patz, 1998: Climate, Infectious Disease and Health: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Washington, D. C., American Academy of Microbiology, 23 pp. |
Confalonieri, U., B. Menne, R. Akhtar, K. L. Ebi, M. Hauengue, R. S. Kovats, B. Revich and A. Woodward, 2007: Human health. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden and C. E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 391-431. |
Connor, S. J., M. C. Thomson, S. P. Flasse, and A. H. Perryman, 1998: Environmental Information Systems in Malaria Risk Mapping and Epidemic Forecasting. Disasters, 22, 39-56. |
Connor, S. J., M. C. Thomson, and D. H. Molyneux, 1999: Forecasting and prevention of epidemic malaria: new perspectives on an old problem. Parassitologia, 41, 439-446. |
Cook, G. C., 1992: Effect of global warming on the distribution of parasitic and other infectious diseases: a review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 85, 688-691. |
Costantini, C., L. Song-Gang, A. della Torre, N. Sagnon, M. Coluzzi, and C. E. Taylor, 1996: Density, survival and dispersal of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes in a West African Sudan savanna village. Medical and veterinary entomology, 10, 203-219. |
Cot, M., M. Boussinesq, P. Gazin, D. Baudon, and P. Carnevale, 1988: Acquisition de l'immunité en zone d'endémie palustre (savane soudano-sahélienne). Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 68, 25-35. |
Covell, G., 1960: Relationship between Malarial Parasitaemia and Symptoms of the Disease. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 22, 605-619. |
Cox, J., S. I. Hay, T. A. Abeku, F. Checci, and R. W. Snow, 2007: The uncertain burden of Plasmodium falciparum epidemics in Africa Trends in Parasitology, 23, 142-148. |
Craig, M. H., R. W. Snow, and D. le Sueur, 1999: A Climate-based Distribution Model of Malaria Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa. Parasitology Today, 15, 105-111. |
Craig, M. H., I. Kleinschmidt, J. B. Nawn, D. le Sueur, and B. L. Sharp, 2004: Exploring 30 years of malaria case data in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Part I. The impact of climatic factors. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 9, 1247-1257 |
Curson, P. , 1993: Climate and chronic respiratory disease in Sydney - the case of asthma. Climatic Change, 25, 405-420. mcm |
Cuzin-Ouattara N., A. H. Van den Broek, A. Habluetzel, A. Diabate, E. Sanogo-Ilboudo, D. A. Diallo, S. N. Cousens, and F. Esposito, 1999: Wide-scale installation of insecticide-treated curtains confers high levels of protection against malaria transmission in a hyperendemic area of Burkina Faso. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 93:473-479. |
D
D'Alessandro, U., B. O. Olaleye, W. McGuire, M. C. Thomson, P. Langerock, S. Bennett, and B. M. Greenwood, 1995: A comparison of the efficacy of insecticide-treated and untreated bed nets in preventing malaria in Gambian children. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 89, 596-598. |
D'Alessandro, U., 1999a: Malaria in Pregnancy. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93 (Suppl. 1), S5-S6. |
D'Allessandro, U., 1999b: A rational approach to malaria control in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: the need for a link between scientific research and public-health interventions. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93, S75-S76. |
Darboux, F., P. Davy, C. Gascuel-Odoux, and C. Huang, 2001: Evolution of soil surface roughness and flowpath connectivity in overland flow experiments. Catena, 46, 125-139. |
Davidson, G., and C. C. Draper, 1953: Field studies of some of the basic factors concerned in the transmission of malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 47, 522-535. |
Davidson, G., 1954: Estimation of the Survival-Rate of Anopheline Mosquitoes in Nature. Nature, 174, 792-793. |
Davidson, G., 1955: Further studies of the basic factors concerned in the transmission of malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 49, 339-350. |
Davidson, G., 1962: Anopheles gambiae Complex. Nature, 196, 907. |
Davis, J. R., T. Hall, E. M. Chee, A. Majala, J. Minjas, and C. J. Shiff, 1995: Comparison of sampling anopheline mosquitoes by light-trap and human-bait collection indoors at Baramoyo, Tanzania. Medical and Veleterinaty Entomology, 9, 249-255. |
Davis, A. J., L. S. Jenkinson, J. H. Lawton, B. Shorrocks, and S. Wood, 1998: Making mistakes when predicting shifts in species range in response to global warming. Nature, 391, 783-786. |
Davis, J. C., T. D. Clark S. K. Kemble, N. Talemwa, D. Njama-Meya, S. G. Staedke, G. Dorsey, 2006: Longitudinal study of urban malaria in a cohort of Ugandan children: description of study site, census and recruitment. Malaria Journal, 5: 18. |
Day, K. P., R. E. Hayward, and M. Dyer, 1998: The biology of Plasmodium falciparum transmission stages. Parasitology, 116 (Suppl.), S95-S109. |
Degallier, N., C. Favier, J.-P. Boulanger, C. E. Menkes, and C. Oliveira, 2005: Une nouvelle méthode d'estimation du taux de reproduction des maladies (R0): application à l'étude des épidémies de dengue dans le district fédéral (Brèsil). Environnement, Risques et Santé, 4, 131-135. |
Depinay, J.-M. O., C. M. Mbogo, G. Killeen, B. Knols, J. Beier, J. Carlson, J. Dushoff, P. Billingsley, H. Mwambi, J. Githure, A. M. Toure, and F. E. McKenzie, 2004: A simulation model of African Anopheles ecology and population dynamics for the analysis of malaria transmission. Malaria Journal, 3: 29. |
De Plaen, R., M. L. Seka, and A. Koutoua, 2004: The paddy, the vector and the caregiver: lessons from an ecosystem approach to irrigation and malaria in Northern Côte d'Ivoire. Acta Tropica, 89, 135-146. |
De Savigny, D., and F. Binka, 2004: Monitoring future impact on malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71 (Suppl. 2), 224-231. |
Detinova, T. S., 1962: Age-grouping methods in Diptera of medical importance with special reference to some vectors of malaria. World Health Organization, Monograph Series No. 47, 216 pp. |
Diagne, N., D. Fontenille, L. Konaté, O. Faye, M. Traore-Lamizana, F. Legros, J. F. Molez, and J.-F. Trape, 1994: Les anophéles du Sénégal. Liste commentée et illustrée. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 87, 267-277. |
Diallo, S., L. Konaté, O. Ndir, T. Dieng, Y. Dieng, I. Bella Bah, O. Faye, and O. Gaye, 2000: Le paludisme dans le district sanitaire centre de Dakar (Sénégal). Données entomologiques, parasitologiques et cliniques. Cahiers Santé, 10, 221-229. |
Diatta, M., A. Spiegel, L. Lochouarn, and D. Fontenille, 1998: Similar feeding preferences of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis in Senegal. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92, 270-272. |
Diebner, H. H., M. Eichner, L. Molineaux, W. E. Collins, G. M. Jeffery, and K. Dietz, 2000: Modelling the Transition of Asexual Blood Stages of Plasmodium falciparum to Gametocytes. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 202, 113-127. |
Dietz, K., L. Molineaux, and A. Thomas, 1974: A malaria model tested in the African savannah. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 50, 347-357. |
Diop, A., J. F. , Molez, L. Konate, D. Fontenille, O. Gaye, M. Diouf, M. Diagne, and O. Faye: 2002 Rôle d'Anopheles melas Theobald (1903) dans la transmission du paludisme dans la mangrove du Saloum au Sénégal., Parasite, 9 239-246. |
Diop, A., L. Konaté, J.-F. Molez, M. Diouf, O. Gaye, D. Fontenille, M. Diagne, and O. Faye, 2006: Le paludisme en zone de mangrove du delta du Saloum (Sénégal). Cahiers Santé, 16, 253-257. |
Dittmann, S., I. Ehrhard, J. Leidel, R. Noack, G. Pfaff, and H. Schroten, 2002: Meningokokken ÄrzteMerkblatt, 2002, 1-12. mcm |
Dittmann, S., 2004: Meningokokken-Erkrankungen. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 129, 2666-2671. mcm |
Diuk-Wasser, M. A., M. B. Toure, G. Dolo, M. Bagayoko, N. Sogoba, S. F. Traore, N. Manoukis, and C. E. Taylor, 2005: Vector abundance and malaria transmission in rice-growing villages in Mali. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 72, 725-731. |
Dolo, G., O. J. Briet, A. Dao, S. F. Traoré, M. Bouaré, N. Sogoba, O. Niaré, M. Bagayogo, D. Sangaré, T. Teuscher, and Y. T. Touré, 2004: Malaria transmission in relation to rice cultivation in the irrigated Sahel of Mali. Acta Tropica, 89, 147-159. |
Dos Santos, R. la C., O. P. Forattini, and M. N. Burattini, 2004: Anopheles albitarsis s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) Survivorship and Density in a Rice Irrigation Area of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Journal of Medical Entomology, 41, 997-1000. |
Dossou-yovo, J., J. Doannio, F. Rivière, and J. Duval, 1994: Rice cultivation and malaria transmission in Bouaké city (Côte d'Ivoire). Acta Tropica, 57, 91-94. |
Dossou-Yovo, J., J. M. C. Doannio, S. Diarrassouba, and G. Chauvancy, 1995: Malaria in Côte d'Ivoire wet savannah region: The entomological input. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 46, 263-269. |
Dossou-Yovo, J., J. M. C. Doannio, S. Diarrassouba, and G. Chauvancy, 1998: Impact d'aménagements de rizières sur la transmission du paludisme dans la ville de Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique, 91, 327-333. |
Douville, H. , J.-F. Mahfouf, S. Saarinen, and P. Viterbo, 1998: The ECMWF surface analysis: Diagnostics and prospects. ECMWF Technical Memorandum, 258, 52 pp. |
Douville, H., P. Viterbo, J.-F. Mahfouf, and A. C. M. Beljaars, 2000: Evaluation of the Optimum Interpolation and Nudging Techniques for Soil Moisture Analysis Using FIFE Data. Monthly Weather Review, 128, 1733-1756. |
Drakeley, C. J., L. Mulder, T. Tchuinkam, S. Gupta, and R. Sauerwein, 1998: Transmission-blocking effects of sera from malaria-exposed individuals on Plasmodium falciparum isolates from gametocyte carriers. Parasitology, 116, 417-423. |
Drakeley, C. J., N. I. J. Akim, R. W. Sauerwein, B. M. Greenwood, and G. A. T. Targett, 2000: Estimates of the infectious reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in The Gambia and in Tanzania. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94, 472-476. |
Drakeley, C. J., I. Carneiro, H. Reyburn, R. Malima, J. P. A. Lusingu, J. Cox, T. G. Theander, W M. M. M. Nkya, M. M. Lemnge, and E. M. Riley, 2005: Altitude-Dependent and -Independent Variations in Plasmodium falciparum Prevalence in Northeastern Tanzania. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 191, 1589-1598. |
Drakeley, C., C. Sutherland, J. T. Bousema, R. W. Sauerwein, and G. A. Targett, 2006: The epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: weapons of mass dispersion Trends in Parasitology, 22, 424-430. |
Draper, C. C., 1953: Observations on the infectiousness of gametocytes in hyperendemic malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 47, 160-165. |
Dunyo, S., P. Milligan, T. Edwards, C. Sutherland, G. Targett, and M. Pinder, 2006: Gametocytaemia after Drug Treatment of Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum. Public Library of Science Clinical Trials, 1: e20 |
Dye, C., and P. Reiter, 2000: Climate Change and Malaria: Enhanced: Temperatures Without Fevers? Science, 289, 1697-1698. |
E
Ebi, K. L., J. Hartman, N. Chan, J. McConnell, M. Schlesinger, and J. Weyant, 2005: Climate suitability for stable malaria transmission in Zimbabwe under different climate change scenarios. Climatic Change, 73, 375-393. |
Edillo, F. E., Y. T. Touré, G. C. Lanzaro, G. Dolo, and C. E. Taylor, 2004: Survivorship and Distribution of Immature Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Banambani Village, Mali. Journal of Medical Entomology, 41, 333-339. |
Eichner, M., H. H. Diebner, L. Molineaux, W. E. Collins, G. M. Jeffery, and K. Dietz, 2001: Genesis, sequestration and survival of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: parameter estimates from fitting a model to malariatherapy data. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 95, 497-501. |
El Sayed, B. B., D. E. Arnot, M. M. Mukhtar, O. Z. Baraka, A. A. Dafalla, D. E. A. Elnaiem, and A. H. D. Nugud, 2000: A study of the urban malaria transmission problem in Khartoum. Acta Tropica, 75, 163-171. |
Epstein, P. R., H. F. Diaz, S. Elias, G. Grabherr, N. E. Graham, W. J. M. Martens, E. Moseley-Thompson, and J. Susskind, 1998: Biological and Physical signs of Climate Change: Focus on Mosquito-borne Diseases. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79, 409-417. |
F
Fall, S., D. Niyogi, and F. H. M. Semazzi, 2006: Analysis of mean climate conditions in Senegal (1971-1998). Earth Interactions, 10, 1-40. |
Food and Agricultural Organization, 2006: Global forest resources assessment 2005. Progress towards sustainable forest management. FAO Forestry Paper 147, 348 pp. |
Favier, C., N. Degallier, P. de Tarso Ribeiro Vilarinhos, M. do Socorro Laurentio de Carvalho, M. A. C. Yoshizawa, and M. B. Knox, 2006a: Effects of climate and different management strategies on Aedes aegypti breeding sites: a longitudinal survey in Brasilia (DF, Brazil). Tropical Medicine and International Health, 11, 1104-1118. |
Favier, C., K. Chalvet-Monfray, P. Sabatier, R. Lancelot, D. Fontenille, and M. A. Dubois, 2006b: Rift Valley fever in West Africa: the role of space in endemicity. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 11, 1878-1888. |
Faye, O., D. Fontenille, J. P. Herve, P. A. Diack, S. Diallo and J. Mouchet, 1993: Le paludisme en zone sahelienne du Sénégal. 1. Données entomologiques sur la transmission. Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 73, 21-30. |
Faye, O., O. Gaye, O. Faye, and S. Diallo, 1994: La transmission du paludisme dans des villages éloignés ou situés en bordure de la mangrove au Sénégal. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 87, 157-163. |
Faye, O., O. Gaye, D. Fontenille, G. Hebrard, L. Konaté, N. Sy, J.-P. Hervé, Y. Touré, S. Diallo, J.-F. Molez, and J. Mouchet, 1995a: La sécheresse et la baisse du paludisme dans les Niayes du Sénégal. Cahiers Santé, 5, 299-305. |
Faye, O., D. Fontenille, O. Gaye, N. Sy, J. F. Molez, L. Konaté, G. Hebrard, J. P. Herve, J. Trouillet, S. Diallo, and J. Mouchet, 1995b: Paludisme et riziculture dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal (Sénégal). Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 75, 179-189. |
Faye O., O. Gaye, D. Fontenille, N. Sy, L. Konaté, G. Hébrard, J.-P. Hervé, J. Trouillet, S. Diallo, and J. Mouchet, 1995c: Comparaison de la transmission du paludisme dans deux faciès épidémiologiques au Sénégal: la zone côtière sahêlienne et la zone méridionale soudanienne. Dakar Médical, 40, 201-207. |
Faye, O., L. Konaté, D. Fontenille, O. Gaye, N. Sy, G. Hébrard, J. P. Hervé, and Y. T. Touré, 1995d: Variations saisonnières des populations d'Anopheles gambiae s.l. et transmission du paludisme dans un village de savane soudanienne du sud-est du Sénégal. Bulletin Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire: Série A, 48, 57-66. |
Faye O., L. Konaté, O. Gaye, D. Fontenille, and J.-F. Molez, 1995e: Quelques aspects épidémiologiques du paludisme au Sénégal. Bulletin trimestriel du Bureau de la Représentation de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé au Sénégal, 3-7 pp. |
Fernandez-Salas, I., M. H. Rodriguez, D. R. Roberts, 1994: Gonotrophic cycle and survivorship of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Dipteria: Culicidae) in the Tapachula foothills of southern Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 31, 340-347. |
Filion, G. J. P., R. E. L. Paul, and V. Robert, 2006: Transmission and immunity: the importance of heterogeneity in the fight against malaria. Trends in Parasitology, 22, 345-348. |
Fivelman, Q. L., L. McRobert, S. Sharp, C. J. Taylor, M. Saeed, C. A. Swales, C. J. Sutherland, and D. A. Baker, 2007: Improved synchronous production of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in vitro. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 154, 119-123. |
Fleck, S. L., M. Pudney, and R. E. Sinden, 1996: The effect of atovaquone (566C80) on the maturation and viability of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in vitro. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 90, 309-312. |
Fondjo, E., V. Robert, G. le Goff, J. C. Toto, and P. Carnevale, 1992: Le paludisme urbain à Yaoundé (Cameroun). 2. Etude entomologique dans deux quartiers peu urbanises. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 85, 57-63. |
Fontenille, D., L. Lochouarn, N. Diagne, C. Sokhna, J. J. Lemasson, M. Diatta, L. Konaté, F. Faye, C. Rogier, and J.-F. Trape, 1997a: High annual and seasonal variations in malaria transmission by anophelines and vector species composition in Dielmo, a holoendemic area in Senegal. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56, 247-253. |
Fontenille, D., L. Lochouarn, M. Diatta, C. Sokhna, I. Dia, N. Diagne, J. J. Lemasson, K. Ba, A. Tall, C. Rogier, J.-F. Trape, 1997b: Four years' entomological study of the transmission of seasonal malaria in Senegal and the bionomics of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 91, 647-652. |
Fontenille, D., M. Traore-Lamizana, M. Diallo, J. Thonnon, J. P. Digoutte, and H. G. Zeller, New Vectors of Rift Valley Fever in West Africa.: Emerging Infectious Diseases 4, 289-293. |
Fontenille, D., J.-Y. Meunier, C. A. Nkondjio, and T. Tchuinkam, 2001: Use of Circumsporozoite Protein Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Compared with Microscopic Examination of Salivary Glands for Calculation of Malaria Infectivity Rates in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cameroon. Journal of Medical Entomology, 38, 451-454. |
Fontenille, D., A. Cohuet, P. Awono-Ambene, C. Antonio-Nkondjio, C. Wondji, P. Kengne, I. Dia, D. Boccolini, J. Duchemin, V. Rajaonarivelo, R. Dabire, M. Adje-Akre, C. Ceainu, G. Le. Goff, and F. Simard, 2003: Systématique et biologie des Anopheles vecteurs de Plasmodium en Afrique, données récentes. Médecine Tropicale, 63, 247-253. |
G
Gallup, J. L., and J. D. Sachs, 2001: The economic burden of malaria. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 64 (Suppl. 1-2), 85-96. |
Gandin, L. S., 1965: Objective Analysis of Meteorological Fields. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 242 pp. |
Garnham, P. C. C., 1949: Malarial immunity in Africans: effects in infancy and early childhood. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 43, 47-61. |
Garrett-Jones, C., 1964: The human blood index of malaria vectors in relation to epidemiological assessment. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 30, 241-261. |
Garrett-Jones, C., and B. Grab, 1964: The Assessment of Insecticidal Impact on the Malaria Mosquito's Vectorial Capacity, from Data on the Proportion of Parous Females. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 31, 71-86. |
Garrett-Jones, C., and G. R. Shidrawi, 1969: Malaria Vectorial Capacity of a Population of Anopheles gambiae: An Exercise in Epidemiological Entomology. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 40, 531-545. |
Garrett-Jones, C., P. F. L. Boreham, and C. P. Pant, 1980: Feeding habits of anophelines (Diptera: Culicidae) in 1971-78, with reference to the human blood index: a review. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 70, 165-185. |
Gay-Andrieu, F., E. Adehossi, V. Lacroix, M. Gagara, M. L. Ibrahim, H. Kourna, and H. Boureima, 2005: Epidemiological, clinical and biological features of malaria among children in Niamey, Niger. Malaria Journal, 4: 10. |
Gazin, P., V. Robert,and P. Carnevale, 1987: Le paludisme urbain à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). 2. Les indices paludologiques. Cahiers O.R.S.T.O.M. Série Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie, 25, 27-31. |
Gazin, P., V. Robert, M. Cot, J. Simon, J. M. Halna, F. Darriet, D. Legrand, P. Carnevale, and P. Ambroise-Thomas, 1988a: Le paludisme dans l'Oudalan, région sahélienne du Burkina Faso. Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 68, 255-264. |
Gazin, P., V. Robert, M. Cot, and P. Carnevale, 1988b: Plasmodium falciparum incidence and patency in a high seasonal transmission area of Burkina Faso. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 82, 50-55. |
Gazin, P., K. Goncalves., B. Koné, and L. Lochouam, 1996: Incidence des accès palustres dans un quartier de la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 89, 200-203. |
Gemperli, A., N. Sogoba, and T. Smith, 2006a: Malaria Mapping Using Transmission Models: Application to Survey Data from Mali. American Journal of Epidemiology, 163, 289-297. |
Gemperli, A., N. Sogoba, E. Fondjo, M. s;Mabaso, M. Bagayoko, O. J. T. Brit, D. Anderegg, J. Liebe, T. Smith, and P. Vounatsou, 2006b: Mapping malaria transmission in West and Central Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 11, 1032-1046. |
Gerbaux, M. and D. Bicout, 2008: Impact of rainfall spatial variability on mosquito. production in Sahel. Submitted to Journal of Theoretical Biology. |
Ghebreyesus, T. A., M. Haile, K. H. Witten, A. Getachew, A. M. Yohannes, M. Yohannes, H. D. Teklehaimanot, S. W. Lindsay, and P. Byass, 1999: Incidence of malaria among children living near dams in northern Ethiopia. British Medical Journal, 319, 663-666. |
Giannini, A., R. Saravanan, and P. Chang, 2003: Oceanic Forcing of Sahel Rainfall on Interannual to Interdecadal Time Scales. Science, 302, 1027-1030 |
Giannini, A., M. Biasutti, I. M. Held, and A. H. Sobel, 2008??: A global climate system perspective on African envrionmental change. Submitted to Climatic Change |
Gibson, M. E., 1998: Sir Ronald Ross and India. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92, 597-600. |
Giertz, S., B. Diekkrüger, A. Jaeger, and M. Schopp, 2006: An interdisciplinary scenario analysis to assess the water availability and water consumption in the Upper Ouémé chatchment in Benin. Advances in Geosciences, 9, 3-13. |
Giha, H. A., T. G. Theander, T. Staalso, C. Roper, I. M. Elhassan, H. Babiker, G. M. Satti, D. E. Arnot, L. Hviid, 1998: Seasonal variation in agglutination of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 58, 399-405. |
Gillies, M. T., 1958: A modified Technique for the age-grading of populations of Anopheles gambiae Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 52, 261-273. |
Gillies, M. T., 1961: Studies on the dispersion and survival of Anopheles gambiae Giles in East Africa, by means of marking and release experiments. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 52, 99-127. |
Gillies, M. T. and T. J. Wilkes, 1963: Observations on nulliparous and parous rates in a population of Anopheles funestus in East Africa. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 57, 204-213. |
Gillies, M. T. and T. J. Wilkes, 1965: A study on the age-composition of populations of Anopheles gambiae Giles and A. funestus Giles in north-eastern Tanzania. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 56, 237-262. |
Gillies, M. T., and B. de Meillon, 1968: The Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara. South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg, 344 pp. |
Gimnig, J. E., M. Ombok, L. Kamau, and W. A. Hawley, 2001: Characteristics of Larval Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) Habitats in Western Kenya. Journal of Medical Entomology, 38, 282-288. |
Gimnig, J. E., M. Ombok, S. Otieno, M. G. Kaufman, J. M. Vulule, and E. D. Walker, 2002: Density-dependent development of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in artificial habitats. Journal of Medical Entomology, 39, 162-172. |
Gimnig, J. E., A. W. Hightower, and W. A. Hawley, 2005: Application of geographic information systems to the study of the ecology of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. In: W. Takken, P. Martens, and R. J. Bogers, 2005: Environmental Change and Malaria Risk - Global and Local Implications. Wageningen UR Frontis Series, Springer, 9, 27-39. |
Githeko, A. K., M. W. Service, C. M. Mbogo, and F. K. Atieli, 1996: Resting behaviour, ecology and genetis of malaria vectors in large scale agricultural areas of Western Kenya. Parassitologia, 38, 481-489. |
Githeko, A. K., S. W. Lindsay, U. E. Confalonieri, and J. A. Patz, 2000: Climate change and vector-borne diseases: a regional analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, 1136-1147. |
Githeko, A. K, and W. Ndegwa, 2001: Predicting malaria epidemics in the Kenyan highlands using climate data: a tool for decision makers. Global Change and Human Health, 2, 54-63. |
GlaxoSmithKline, 2002: GlaxoSmithKline & malaria. Nature, 415, 716-717. |
Goldsby, R. A., T. J. Kindt, B. A. Osborne, and J. Kuby, 2002: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. In: Freeman, W. H.: Immunology. New York, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 5th edition, pp. 148-150. |
Gravenor, M. B., A. L. Lloyd , P. G. Kremsner, M. A. Missinou, M. English, K. Marsh, and D. Kwiatkowski, 2002: A Model for Estimating Total Parasite Load in Falciparum Malaria Patients. Journal of theoretical Biology, 217, 137-148. |
Graves, P. M., T. R. Burkot, R. Carter, J. A. Cattani, M. Lagog, J. Parker, B. J. Brabin, F. D. Gibson, D. J. Bradley,, and M. P. Alders, 1988: Measurement of malarial infectivity of human populations to mosquitoes in the Madang area, Papua New Guinea. Parasitology, 96, 251-263. |
Greenwood, B. M., A. K. Bradley, and R. A. Wall, 1985: Meningococcal disease and season in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet, 2, 829-830. |
Greenwood, B. M., A. M. Bradley-Moore, A. K. Bradley, B. R. Kirkwood, and H. M. Gilles, 1986: The immune response to vaccination in undernourished and well-nourished Nigerian children. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 80, 537-544. |
Greenwood, B. M., A. K. Bradley, A. M. Greenwood, P. Byass, K. Jammeh, K. Marsh, S. Tulloch, F. S. Oldfield, and R. Hayes, 1987: Mortality and morbidity from malaria among children in a rural area of The Gambia, West Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 81, 478-486. |
Greenwood, B. M., 1990: Populations at Risk. Parasitology Today, 6, 188. |
Greenwood, B., and T. Mutabingwa, 2002: Malaria in 2002. Nature, 415, 670-672. |
Greenwood, B. M., K. Bojang K., C. J. M. Whitty, and G. A. T. Targett, 2005: Malaria. The Lancet, 365, 1487-1498. |
Grover-Kopec, E. K., M. B. Blumenthal, P. CeccaAfricato, T. Dinku, J. A. Omumbo, and S. J. Connor, 2006: Web-based climate information resources for malaria control in Africa Malaria Journal, 5: 38 |
Gu, W., G. F. Killeen, C. M. Mbogo, J. L. Regens, J. I. Githure, and J. C. Beier, 2003a: An individual-based model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission on the coast of Kenya. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97, 43-50. |
Gu, W., C. M. Mbogo, J. I. Githure, J. L. Regens, G. F. Killeen, C. M. Swalm, G. Yan, and J. C. Beier, 2003b: Low recovery rates stabilize malaria endemicity in areas of low transmission in coastal Kenya. Acta Tropica, 86, 71-81. |
Gubler, D. J., 1997: Resurgent Vector-Borne Diseases as a Global Health Problem. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 4, 442-450. |
Guerra, C. A., R. W. Snow, and S. I. Hay, 2006a: A global assessment of closed forests, deforestation and malaria risk. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100, 189-204. |
Guerra, C. A., R. W. Snow, and S. I. Hay, 2006b: Mapping the global extent of malaria in 2005. Trends in Parasitology, 22, 353-358. |
Guerra, C. A., R. W. Snow, and S. I. Hay, 2006c: Defining the Global Spatial Limits of Malaria Transmission in 2005. Advances in Parasitology, 62, 157-179. |
Guerra, C. A., S. I. Hay, L. S. Lucioparades, P. W. Gikandi, A. J. Tatem, A. M. Noor, and R. W. Snow, 2007: Assembling a global database of malaria parasite prevalence for the Malaria Atlas Project. Malaria Journal, 6: 17. |
Guerra, C. A., P. W. Gikandi, A. J. Tatem, A. M. Noor, D. L. Smith, S. I. Hay, and R. W. Snow, 2008: The Limits and Intensity of Plasmodium falciparum Transmission: Implications for Malaria Control and Elimination Worldwide. Public Library of Science Medicine, 5, e38. |
Guibourdenche, M., E. A. Høiby, J.-Y. Riou, F. Varaine, C. Joguet, and D. A. Caugant, 1996.: Epidemics of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis of subgroup III in Africa, 1989-1994. Epidemiology and Infection, 116, 115-120. mcm |
Gupta, S., R. W. Snow, C. A. Donnelly, K. Marsh, and C. Newbold, 1999: Immunity to non-cerebral severe malaria is acquired after one or two infections. Nature Medicine, 5, 340-343. |
Guyatt, H. L., and R. W. Snow, 2004: Impact of Malaria during Pregnancy on Low Birth Weight in Sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 17, 760-769. |
H
Habluetzel, A., F. Esposito, and S. Lombardi, 1989: New methods in epidemiology and diagnosis of malaria and babesiosis: Immunotechniques for epidemiology of malaria: appropriate tools for integration of primary health care with malaria research and control. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 83, 15-19. |
Habluetzel, A., D. A. Diallo, F. Esposito, L. Lamizana, F. Pagnoni, C. Lengeler, C. Traoré, and S. N. Cousens, 1997: Do insecticide-treated curtains reduce all-cause child mortality in Burkina Faso? Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2, 855-862. |
Hagedorn, R., F. Doblas-Reyes, and T. Palmer, 2006: A real appplication of seasonal forecasts - malaria early warnings. ECMWF Newsletter, 107, 3-4. |
Hagemann,, S., M. Botzet, L. Dümenil, and B. Machenhauer, 1999: Derivation of global GCM boundary conditions from 1 km land use satellite data. Max Planck Institute Report, No. 289, 34 pp. |
Hagmann, R., J. D. Charlwood, V. Gil, C. Ferreira, V. do Rosário, and T. A. Smith, 2003: Malaria and its possible control on the island of Príncipe Malaria Journal, 2: 15. |
Haines, A., and C. Fuchs, 1991: Potential impacts on health of atmospheric change. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 13, 69-80. |
Haines, A., R. S. Kovats, D. Campbell-Lendrum, and C. Corvalan, 2006: Climate change and human health: impacts, vulnerability, and mitigation. The Lancet, 367, 2101-2109. |
Hamad, A. A., A. E. H. D. Nugud, D. E. Arnot, H. A. Giha, A.-M. A. Abdel-Muhsin, G. M. H. Satti, T. G. Theander, A. M. Creasey, H. A. Babiker, and D.-E. A. Elnaiem, 2002: A marked seasonality of malaria transmission in two rural sites in eastern Sudan. Acta Tropica, 83, 71-82. |
Hartman, J., K. Ebi, K. J. McConnell, N. Chang, and J. Weyant, 2002: Climate suitability: For stable malaria transmission in Zimbabwe under different climate change scenarios. Global Change and Human Health, 3, 42-54. |
Hawking, F., M. E. Wilson, and K. Gammage, 1971: Evidence for cyclic development and short-lived maturity in the gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65, 549-559 |
Hay, F., J. M. Tréluyer, D. Orbach, P. Jouvet, and P. Hubert, 2000c: Paludisme grave de l'enfant en réanimation Enquête nationale 1990-1995. Archives de Pédiatrie, 7, 1163-1170. |
Hay, S. I., C. J. Tucker, D. J. Rogers, and M. J. Packer, 1996: Remotely sensed surrogates of meteorological data for the study of the distribution and abundance of arthropod vectors of disease. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 90, 1-19. |
Hay, S. I., R. W. Snow, and D. J. Rogers, 1998b??: Predicting malaria seasons in Kenya using multitemporal meteorological satellite sensor data. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92, 12-20. |
Hay, S. I., 2000: An overview of remote sensing and geodesy for epidemiology and public health application. Advances in Parasitology, 47, 1-35. |
Hay, S. I., J. A. Omumbo, M. H. Craig, and R. W. Snow, 2000a: Earth Observation, Geographic Information Systems and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa. Advances in Parasitology, 47, 173-215. |
Hay, S. I., D. J. Rogers, J. F. Toomer, and R. W. Snow, 2000b: Annual Plasmodium falciparum entomological inoculation rates (EIR) across Africa: literature survey, Internet access and review. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94, 113-127. |
Hay, S. I., D. J. Rogers, G. D. Shanks, M. F. Myers, and R. W. Snow, 2001: Malaria early warning in Kenya. Trends in Parasitology, 17, 95-99. |
Hay, S. I., J. Cox, D. J. Rogers, S. E. Randolph, D. I. Stern, G. D. Shanks, M. F. Myers, and R. W. Snow, 2002a: Regional warming and malaria resurgence. Nature, 420, 628. |
Hay, S. I., A. M. Noor, M. Simba, M. Busolo, H. L. Guyatt, S. A. Ochola, and R. W. Snow, 2002b: Clinical Epidemiology of Malaria in the Highlands of Western Kenya. Emergerging Infectious Diseases, 8, 543-548. |
Hay, S. I., M. Simba, A. M. Noor, M. Busolo, H. L. Guyatt, S. A. Ochola, and R. W. Snow, 2002c: Defining and Detecting Malaria Epidemics in the Highlands of Western Kenya. Emergerging Infectious Diseases, 8, 555-562. |
Hay, S. I., J. Cox, D. J. Rogers, S. E. Randolph, D. I. Stern, G. D. Shanks, M. F. Myers, and R. W. Snow, 2002d: Climate change and the resurgence of malaria in the East African highlands. Nature, 415, 905-909. |
Hay, S. I., D. J. Rogers, S. E. Randolph, D. I. Stern, J. Cox, G. D. Shanks, and R. W. Snow, 2002e: Hot topic or hot air? Climate change and malaria resurgence in East African highlands. Trends in Parasitology, 18, 530-534. |
Hay, S., M. Renshaw, S. A. Ochola, A. M. Noor, and R. W. Snow, 2003a: Performance of forecasting, warning and detection of malaria epidemics in the highlands of western Kenya. Trends in Parasitology, 19, 394-399. |
Hay, S. I., E. C. Were, M. Renshaw, A. M. Noor, S. A. Ochola, I. Olusanmi, N. Alipui, and R. W. Snow, 2003b: Forecasting, warning, and detection of malaria epidemics: a case study. The Lancet, 361, 1705-1706. |
Hay, S. I., C. A. Guerra, A. J. Tatem, A. M. Noor, and R. W. Snow, 2004: The global distribution and population at risk of malaria: past, present, and future. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4, 327-336. |
Hay, S . I., C. A. Guerra, A. J. Tatem, P. M. Atkinson, and R. W. Snow, 2005a: Urbanization, malaria transmission and disease burden in Africa. Nature reviews. Microbiology, 3, 81-90. |
Hay, S. I., G. D. Shanks, D. I. Stern, R. W. Snow, S. E. Randolph, and D. J. Rogers, 2005b: Climate variability and malaria epidemics in the highlands of East Africa. Trends in Parasitology, 21, 52-53. |
Hay, S. I., and A. J. Tatem, 2005: Remote sensing of malaria in urban areas: two scales, two problems. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 72, 655-656. |
Hay, S. I., and R. W. Snow, 2006: The Malaria Atlas Project: Developing Global Maps of Malaria Risk. Public Library of Science Medicine, 3, e473. |
Hellenbrand, W., 2005: Invasive Meningokokken-Erkrankungen im Jahr 2004. Epidemiologi Bulletin, 34, 307-316. mcm |
Hayes, E. J., and R. Wall, 1999: Age-grading adult insects: a review of techniques. Physiological Entomology, 24, 1-10. |
Held, I. M., T. L. Delworth, J. Lu, K. L. Findell, and T. R. Knutson, 2005: Simulation of Sahel drought in the 20th and 21st centuries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 102, 17891-17896. |
Henry, M.-C., C. Rogier, I. Nzeyimana, S. B. Assi, J. Dossou-Yovo, M. Audibert, J. Mathonnat, A. Keundjian, E. Akodo, T. Teuscher, and P. Carnevale, 2003: Inland valley rice production systems and malaria infection and disease in the savannah of Côte d'Ivoire. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 8, 449-458. |
Hentschel, C. C., 2002: The Medicines for Malaria Venture. Nature, 415, 715. |
Hoc, T. Q., and T. J. Wilkes, 1995: The ovariole structure of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) and its use in determining physiological age. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 85, 59-69. |
Hoffman, S. L., G. M. Subramanian, F. H. Collins, and J. C. Venter, 2002: Plasmodium, human and Anopheles genomics and malaria. Nature, 415, 702-709. |
Hogg, J. C., M. C. Thompson, and H. Hurd, 1996: Comparative fecundity and associated factors for two sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae complex occuring sympatrically in The Gambia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 10, 385-391. |
Holstein, M. H., 1954: Biology of Anopheles gambiae: research in French West Africa. Technical report, World Health Organization, Palais des Nations, Geneva. Monograph Series No. 9 |
Horsfall, W. R., 1955: Mosquitoes: Their Bionomics and Relation to Disease. New York, 723 pp. |
Hoshen, M. B., and A. P. Morse, 2004: A weather-driven model of malaria transmission. Malaria Journal, 3: 32. |
Hoshen, M. B., and A. P. Morse, 2005: A model structure for estimating malaria risk. In: W. Takken, P. Martens, and R. J. Bogers, 2005: Environmental Change and Malaria Risk - Global and Local Implications. Wageningen UR Frontis Series, Springer, 9, 41-50. |
Hulme, M., 1992: Rainfall changes in Africa: 1931-1960 to 1961-1990. International Journal of Climatology, 12, 685-699. |
Hulme, M., 2001: Climatic perspectives on Sahelian desiccation: 1973-1998. Global Environmental Change, 11, 19-29. |
Hunt, R. H., M. Coetzee, and M. Fettene, 1998: The Anopheles gambiae complex: a new species from Ethiopia. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92, 231-235. |
Hutchinson, M. F., H. A. Nix, J. P. McMahon, K. D. Ord, 1996: The development of a topographic and climate database for Africa. Proceedings of the Third International Conference Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 21-25 January. Santa Barbara, California, National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of California. Available on CDROM. |
I
Ijumba, J. N., and S. W. Lindsay, 2001: Impact of irrigation on malaria in Africa: paddies paradox. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 15, 1-11. |
Ijumba, J. N., F. C. Shenton, S. E. Clarke, F. W. Mosha, and S. W. Lindsay, 2002: Irrigated crop production is associated with less malaria than traditional agricultural practices in Tanzania. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96, 476-480. |
Ikemoto, T., and K. Takai, 2000: A New Linearized Formula for the Law of Total Effective Temperature and the Evaluation of Line-Fitting Methods with Both Variables Subject to Error. Environmental Entomology, 29, 671-682. |
IPCC, 2000: IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. Cambride, United Kingdom, 599 pp. |
IPCC, 2001a: Summary for Policymakers. A report of Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland, 20 pp. |
IPCC, 2001b: Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report. Summary for Policymakers. Wembley, United Kingdom, 34 pp. |
IPCC, 2001c: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambride, United Kingdom, 881 pp. |
IPCC, 2007: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S. , D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L . Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 18 pp. |
Ishikawa, H., A. Ishii, N. Nagai, H. Ohmae, M. Harada, S. Suguri, and J. Leafasia, 2003: A mathematical model for the transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Parasitology International:52, 81-93. |
J
Jacob, D., 2001: A note to the simulation of the annual and inter-annual variability of the water budget. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 77, 61-73. |
Jacob, D., B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, U. Andrae, G. Elgered, C. Fortelius, L. P. Graham, S. D. Jackson, U. Karstens, C. Koepken, R. Lindau, R. Podzun, B. Rockel, F. Rubel, B. H. Sass, R. Smith, and X. Yang, 2001: A comprehensive model intercomparison study investigating the water budget during the PIDCAP period. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 77, 19-44. |
Jeffery, G. M. and D. E. Eyles, 1955: Infectivity to mosquitoes of Plasmodium falciparum as related to gametocyte density and duration of infection. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 7, 4 781-789. |
Jeffery, G. M., M. D. Young, R. W. Burgess, and D. E. Eyles, 1959: Early activity in sporozoite-induced Plasmodium falciparum infections. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 53, 51-58. |
Jetten, T. H., P. Martens, and W. Takken, 1996: Model simulations to estimate malaria risk under climate change. Journal of Medical Entomology, 33, 361-371. |
Jones, A. E., U. Uddenfeldt Wort, A. P. Morse, I. M. Hastings, and A. S. Gagnon, 2007: Climate prediction of El Niño malaria epidemics in north-west Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 6: 162 |
Jovani, R., 2002: Malaria transmission, sex ratio and erythrocytes with two gametocytes. Trends in Parasitology, 18, 537-539. |
Julvez, J., M. Develoux, A. Mounkaila, and J. Mouchet, 1992: Diversite du paludisme en zone sahelo-saharienne. Annales de la Société Belge de Médicine Tropicale, 72, 163-177. |
Julvez, J., J. Mouchet, A. Michault, A. Fouta, and M. Hamidine, 1997a: Eco-épidémiologie du paludisme à Niamey et dans la vallée du fleuve, République du Niger, 1992-1995. Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique, 90, 94-100. |
Julvez, J., J. Mouchet, A. Michault, A. Fouta, and M. Hamidine, 1997b: Evolution du paludisme dans l'est sahélien du Niger. Une zone écologiquement sinistrée. Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique, 90, 101-104. |
K
K-1 Model Developers, 2004: K-1 Coupled Model (MIROC) Description. K-1 Technical Report 1, Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 34 pp. |
Karunaweera, N. D., R. Carter, G. E. Grau, D. Kwiatkowski, G. del Giudice, and K. N. Mendis, 1992: Tumour necrosis factor-dependent parasite-killing effects during paroxysms in non-immune Plasmodium vivax malaria patients. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 88, 499-505. |
Kaufmann, C., and H. Briegel, 2004: Flight performance of the malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles atroparvus. Journal of Vector Ecology, 29, 140-153. |
Kenawy, M. A., 1991: Development and survival of Anopheles pharoensis and An. multicolor from Faiyum, Egypt. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 7, 551-555. |
Keiser, J., J. Utzinger, M. Caldas de Castro, T. A. Smith, M. Tanner, and B. H. Singer, 2004: Urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa and malaria control. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71 (Suppl. 2), 118-127. |
Keiser, J., M. C. De Castro, M. F. Maltese, R. Bos, M. Tanner, B. H. Singer, and J. Utzinger, 2005: Effect of Irrigation and Large Dams on the Burden of Malaria on a Global and Regional Scale. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74, 392-406. |
Kerr, R. A., 2000: Climate Change: Greenhouse Forecasting Still Cloudy. Science, 276, 1040-1042. |
Kabagambe, G., P. Langi, R. Kone, and F. von Sonnenburg, 2000: Reliability of malaria microscopy in epidemiological studies: results of quality control. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5, 3-8. |
Kilian, A., P. Langi, A. Talisuna, and G. Kabagambe, 1999: Rainfall pattern, El Niño and malaria in Uganda. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 93, 22-23. |
Kilian, A. H. D., W. G. Metzger, E. J. Mutschelknauss, G. Kabagambe, P. Langi, R. Korte, and F. von Sonnenburg, 2000: Reliability of malaria microscopy in epidemiological studies: results of quality control. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5, 3-8. |
Killeen, G. F., F. E. McKenzie, B. D. Foy, C. Schieffelin, P. F. Billingsley, and J. C. Beier, 2000a: A simplified model for predicting malaria entomologic inoculation rates based on entomologic and parasitologic parameters relevant to control. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62, 535-544. |
Killeen, G. F., F. E. McKenzie, B. D. Foy, C. Schieffelin, P. F. Billingsley, and J. C. Beier, 2000b: The potential impact of integrated malaria transmission control on entomologic inoculation rate in highly endemic areas. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62, 545-551. |
Killeen, G. F., F. E. McKenzie, B. D. Foy, C. Bøgh, and J. C. Beier, 2001: The availability of potential hosts as a determinant of feeding behaviours and malaria transmission by African mosquito populations. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 95, 469-476. |
Killeen, G. F., A. Ross, and T. Smith, 2006: Infectiousness of malaria-endemic human populations to vectors. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75 (Suppl. 2), 38-45. |
Kiszewski, A., A. Mellinger, A. Spielman, P. Malaney, S. E. Sachs, and J. Sachs, 2004: A Global Index Representing the Stability of Malaria Transmission. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 70, 486-498. |
Kiszewski, A., and A. Teklehaimanot, 2004: A review of the clinical and epidemiological burdens of epidemic malaria. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71 (Suppl. 2), 128-135. |
Kleinschmidt, I., M. Bagayoko, G. P. Y. Clarke, M. Craig, and D. Le Sueur, 2000: A spatial statistical approach to malaria mapping. International Journal of Epidemiology, 29, 355-361. |
Kleinschmidt, I., J. Omumbo, O. Briet, N. van de Giesen, N. Sogoba, N. K. Mensah, P. Windmeijer, M. Moussa, and T. Teuscher, 2001: An empirical malaria distribution map for West Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 6, 779-786. |
Klinkenberg, E., F. Huibers, W. Takken, and Y. T. Touré, 2002: Water management as a tool for malaria mosquito control? Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 16, 201-212. |
Klinkenberg, E., W. Takken, F. Huibers, and Y. T. Touré, 2003: The phenology of malaria mosquitoes in irrigated rice fields in Mali. Acta Tropica, 85, 71-82. |
Koenraadt, C. J. M., K. P. Paaijmans, A. K. Githeko, B. G. J. Knols, and W. Takken, 2003: Egg hatching, larval movement and larval survival of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in desiccating habitats. Malaria Journal, 2::20. |
Koenraadt, C. J. M. and W. Takken, 2003: Cannibalism and predation among larvae of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Medical and Veterinary Entomologyy, 17, 61-66. |
Koenraadt, C. J. M., A. K. Githeko, and W. Takken, 2004: The effects of rainfall and evapotranspiration on the temporal dynamics of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis in a Kenyan village. Acta Tropica, 90, 141-153. |
Koenraadt, C. J. M., and A. K. Githeko, 2005: Malaria risk in the highlands of western Kenya: an entomological perspective. In: W. Takken, P. Martens, and R. J. Bogers, 2005: Environmental Change and Malaria Risk - Global and Local Implications. Wageningen UR Frontis Series, Springer, 9, 69-78. |
Koenraadt, C. J. M., K. P. Paaijmans, P. Schneider, A. K. Githeko, and W. Takken, 2006a: Low larval vector survival explains unstable malaria in the western Kenya highlands. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 11, 1195-1205. |
Koenraadt, C. J. M., S. Majambere, L. Hemerik, and W. Takken, 2006b: The effects of food and space on the occurrence of cannibalism and predation among larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.l.. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 112, 125-134. |
Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, 2006: Monsun beeinflusst das Leben. Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, 24.08.2006. |
Konaté, L., N. Diagne, K. Brahimi, O. Faye, F. Legros, C. Rogier, V. Petrarca, and J.-F. Trape, 1994: Biologie des vecteurs et transmission de Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale dans un village de savane d'Afrique de l'ouest (Dielmo, Sénégal) Parasite, 1, 325-333. |
Konaté, L., A. Diop, N. Sy, M. N. Faye, Y. Deng, A. Izri, O. Faye, and J. Mouchet, 2001: Comeback of Anopheles funestus in Sahelian Senegal. The Lancet, 358, 336. |
Konradsen, F., W. van der Hoek, F. P. Amerasinghe, C. Mutero, and E. Boelee, 2004: Engineering and malaria control: learning from the past 100 years. Acta Tropica, 89, 99-108. |
Koudou, B. G., Y. Tano, M. Doumbia, C. Nsanzabana, G. Cissé, O. Girardin, D. Dao, E. K. N'Goran, P. Vounatsou, G. Bordmann, J. Keiser, M. Tanner, and J. Utzinger, 2005: Malaria transmission dynamics in central Côte d'Ivoire: the influence of changing patterns of irrigated rice agriculture. Medical and Vetinary Entomology, 19, 27-37. |
Koram, K. A., S. Owusu-Agyei, D. J. Fryauff, F. Anto, F. Atuguba, A. Hodgson, S. L. Hoffmann, and F. K. Nkrumah, 2003: Seasonal profiles of malaria infection, anaemia, and bednet use among age groups and communities in northern Ghana. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 8, 793-802. |
Kovats, S., and A. Haines, 1995: The Potential Health Impacts of Climate Change: An Overview. Medicine and War, 11, 168-178. |
Kovats, R. S., D. H. Campbell-Lendrum, A. J. McMichael, A. Woodward, and J. S. Cox, 2001: Early effects of climate change: do they include changes in vector-borne disease? Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological sciences, 356, 1057-1068. |
Krafsur E. S. and C. Garrett-Jones, 1977: The survival in nature of Wuchereria-infected Anopheles funestus Giles in north-eastern Tanzania. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71, 155-160. |
Krafsur E. S. and J. C. Armstrong, 1978: An integrated view of entomological and parasitological observations on falciparum malaria in Gambela, Western Ethiopian Lowlands. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 72, 348-356. |
L
Labbo, R., A. Fouta, I. Jeanne, I. Ousmane, and J. B. Duchemin, 2004: Anopheles funestus in Sahel: new evidence from Niger. The Lancet, 393, 660. |
06, 66-74.: -9 |
Lacaux, J. P., Y. M. Tourre, C. Vignolles, J. A. Ndione, and M. Lafaye, Classification of ponds from high-spatial resolution remote sensing: Application to Rift Valley Fever epidemics in Senegal.: Remote Sensing of Environment 106, 66-74. |
Lau, K.-M., and H.-T. Wu, 2007: Detecting trends in tropical rainfall characteristics, 1979-2003. International Journal of Climatology, 27, 979-988. |
Lee, H. I. , J. S. Lee, E. H. Shin, W. J. Lee, Y. Y. Kim, and K. R. Lee, 2001: Malaria transmission potential by Anopheles sinensis in the Republic of Korea. The Korean journal of parasitology, 39, 185-192. |
Lee, C.-J., L. H. Lee, and K. Koizumi, 2002: Polysaccharide Vaccines for Prevention of Encapsulated Bacterial Infections: Part 1. Infections in Medicine, 19, 127-133. |
Le Goff, G., V. Robert, E. Fondjo, and P. Carnevale, 1992: Efficacy of insecticide impregnated bed-nets to control malaria in a rural forested area in southern Cameroon. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 87 (Suppl. 3), 355-359. |
Le Goff, G., P. Carnevale, E. Fondjo, and V. Robert, 1997: Comparison of three sampling methods of man-biting anophelines in order to estimate the malaria transmission in a village of south Cameroon. Parasite, 4, 75-80. |
Le Houérou, H., 1996: Climate change, drought and desertification. Journal of Arid Environments, 34, 133-185. |
LeMasson, J. J., D. Fontenille, L. Lochouam, I. Dia, F. Simard, K. Ba, A. Diop, M. Diatta, J.-F. Molez, 1997: Comparison of behavior and vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Barkedji, a Sahelian area of Senegal. Journal of Medical Entomology, 34, 396-403. |
Le Menach, A. L., S. Takala, F. E. McKenzie, A. Perisse, A. Harris, A. Flahault and D. L. Smith, 2007: An elaborated feeding cycle model for reductions in vectorial capacity of nightbiting mosquitoes by insecticide-treated nets. Malaria Journal, 6: 10. |
Léong Pock Tsy, J. M., J. B. Duchemin, L. Marrama, P. Rabarison, G. Le Goff, V. Rajaonarivelo, and V. Robert, 2003a: Distribution of the species of the Anopheles gambiae complex and first evidence of Anopheles merus as a malaria vector in Madagascar. Malaria Journal, 2: 33. |
Léong Pock Tsy J.-M., N. Elissa, A. Ouledi, F. Ariey, J.-B. Duchemin, and V. Robert, 2003b: Caractérisation moléculaire des moustiques du complexe Anopheles gambiae à Mayotte et à Grande Comore. Parasite, 10, 273-276. |
Le Sueur, D. L., and B. L. Sharp, 1988: The breeding requirements of three members of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in the endemic malaria area of Natal, South Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 78, 549-560. |
Le Sueur, D. L., 1991: The ecology, over-wintering and population dynamics of the pre-imaginal stages of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex (Diptera culicidae) in northern Natal, South Africa. PhD thesis, University of Natal, South Africa. |
Levine, R. S., A. T. Peterson, and M. Q. Benedict, 2004: Geographic and ecologic distributions of the Anopheles gambiae complex predicted using a genetic algorithm. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygien, 70, 105-109. |
Lieshout, M. van, 2005: Malaria risk scenarios for Kisumu, Kenya: blending qualitative and quantitative information. In: W. Takken, P. Martens, and R. J. Bogers, 2005: Environmental Change and Malaria Risk - Global and Local Implications. Wageningen UR Frontis Series, Springer, 9, 79-98. |
Lindblade, K. A., E. D. Walker, A. W. Onapa, J. Katungu, and M. L. Wilson, 2000: Land-use change alters malaria transmission parameters by modifying temperature in a highland area of Uganda. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5, 263-274. |
Lindblade, K. A., E. D. Walker, and M. L. Wilson, 2000: Early Warning of Malaria Epidemics in African Highlands using Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) Indoor Resting Density. Journal of Medical Entomology, 37, 664-674. |
Lindsay, S. W., F. C. Shenton, R. W. Snow, and B. M. Greenwood, 1989: Responses of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to the use of untreated bednets in The Gambia. Medical Vetenary and Entomology, 3, 253-262. |
Lindsay, S. W., H. Campbell, J. H. Adiamah, A. M. Greenwood, J. E. Bangali, and B. M. Greenwood, 1990: Malaria in a peri-urban area of The Gambia. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 84, 553-562. |
Lindsay, S. W., H. A. Wilkins, H. A. Zieler, R. J. Daly, V. Petrarca, and P. Byass, 1991: Ability of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to transmit malaria during the dry and wet seasons in an area of irrigated rice cultivation in The Gambia. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94, 313-324. |
Lindsay, S. W., J. H. Adiamah, J. E. Miller, R. J. Pleass, and J. R. M. Armstrong, 1993a: Variation in Attractiveness of Human Subjects to Malaria Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in The Gambia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 30, 638-673. |
Lindsay, S. W., P. L. Alonso, J. R. M. Armstrong Schellenberg, J. Hemingway, J. H. Adiamah, F. C. Shenton, M. Jawara, and B. M. Greenwood, 1993b: A malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of The Gambia, West Africa: 7. Impact of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on malaria vectors. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87 (Supplement 2), 45-51. |
Lindsay, S. W., and M. H. Birley, 1996: Climate change and malaria transmission. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitiology, 90, 573-588. |
Lindsay, S. W., and W. J. M. Martens, 1998: Malaria in the African highlands: past, present and future. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 76, 33-45. |
Lindsay, S. W, L. Parson, and C. J. Thomas, 1998a: Mapping the ranges and relative abundance of the two principal African malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and An. arabiensis, using climate data Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, 265, 847-854 |
Lindsay, S. W, F. C. Shenton, R. W. Snow, and B. M. Greenwood, 1998b: Responses of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to the use of untreated bednets in The Gambia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 3, 253-262. |
Lindsay, S. W., and M. N. Bayoh, 2004: Mapping members of the Anopheles gambiae complex using climate data. Physiological Entomology, 29, 204-209. |
Lindsay, S. W., and M. Birley, 2004: Rural Development and Malaria Control in Sub-Saharan Africa. EcoHealth, 1, 129-137. |
Lines, J. D., E. O. Lyimo, and C. F. Curtis, 1986: Mixing of indoor- and outdoor-resting adults of Anopheles gambiae Giles s.l. and A. funestus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) in coastal Tanzania. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 76, 171-178. |
Lines, J. D., C. F. Curtis, T. J. Wilkes, and K. J. Njunwa, 1991a: Monitoring human-biting mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tanzania with light-traps hung beside mosquito nets. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 81, 77-84. |
Lines, J. D., T. J. Wilkes, and E. O. Lyimo, 1991b: Human malaria infectiousness measured by age-specific sporozoite rates in Anopheles gambiae in Tanzania. Parasitology, 102 (Suppl.), 167-177. |
Lobo, C. A. and N. Kumar, 1998: Sexual Differentiation and Development in the Malaria Parasite. Parasitology Today, 14, 146-150. |
Lochouam, L., and I. Gazin, 1993: La transmission du paludisme dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 73, 287-296. |
Lochouam, L., and I. Gazin, 1993: La transmission du paludisme dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 73, 287-296. |
Loevinsohn, M. E., 1994: Climatic warming and increased malaria incidence in Rwanda. The Lancet, 343, 714-718. |
Lopez, A. D., C. D. Mathers, M. Ezzati, D. T. Jamison, and C. J. L. Murray, 2006: Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population data. The Lancet, 367, 1747-1757. |
Lusina, D., F. Legros, V. Esteve, M. Klerlein, and T. Giacomini, 2000: Airport malaria: four new cases in suburban Paris during summer 1999. Euro surveillance, 5, 76-80. |
Lyimo, E. O., W. Takken, and J. Koella, 1992: Effect of rearing temperature and larval density on larval survival, age at pupation and adult size of Anopheles gambiae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 63, 265-271. |
Lyimo, E. O. and W. Takken, 1993: Effects of adult body size on fecundity and the pre-gravid rate of Anopheles gambiae females in Tanzania. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 7, 328-332. |
M
Macdonald, G., 1955: The measurement of malaria transmission. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 48, 295-301. |
Macdonald, G., 1956: Epidemiological basis of malaria control. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 15, 613-626. |
Macdonald, G., 1957: The epidemiology and control of malaria. Oxford University Press, London. |
Macdonald, G. and G. W. Gö, ckel: 1964 The Malaria Parasite Rate and Interruption of Transmission., Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 31 365-377. |
Macdonald, G., C. B. Cuellar, and C. V. Foll, 1968: The dynamics of malaria. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 38, 743-755. |
MacPherson, G. G., M. J. Warrell, N. J. White, S. Looareesuwan, and D. A. Warrell, 1985: Human cerebral malaria. A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of parasitized erythrocyte sequestration.American Journal of Pathology 119, 385-401. |
Magesa, S., T. Wilkes, A. Mnzava, K. Njunwa, J. Myamba, M. Kivuyo, N. Hill, J. Lines, and C. Curtis, 1991: Trial of pyrethroid impregnated bednets in an area of Tanzania holoendemic for malaria. Part 2. Effects on the malaria vector population. Acta Tropica, 49, 97-108. |
Mahfouf, J.-F., P. Viterbo, H. Douville, A. C. M. Beljaars, and S. Saarinen, 2000: A revised land-surface analysis scheme in the Integrated Forecasting Systems. ECMWF Newsletter, 88, 8-13. |
Majewski, D., 1991: The Europa-Modell of the Deutscher Wetterdienst. ECMWF Seminar on Numerical Methods in Atmospheric Models, 2, 147-191. |
Malakooti, M. A., K. Biomndo, and G. D. Shanks, 1998: Reemergence of Epidemic Malaria in the Highlands of Western Kenya Emerging Infectious Diseases, 4, 671-676. |
Manga, L., V. Robert, J. Messi, M. A. Desfontaine, and P. Carnevale, 1992: Le paludisme urbain à Yaoundé (Cameroun). 1. É entomologique dans deux quartiers centraux. Mémoires de la Société Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 35, 155-162. |
Manga, L., E. Fondjo, P. Carnevale, and V. Robert, 1993a: Importance of Low Dispersion of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) on Malaria Transmission in Hilly Towns in South Cameroon. Journal of Medical Entomology, 30, 936-938. |
Manga, L., O. Traore, M. Cot, E. Mooh, and P. Carnevale, 1993b: Le Paludisme dans la ville de Yaoundé (Cameroon). 3. - Étude parasitologique dans deux quartiers centraux. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 86, 56-61. |
Manga, L., J. C. Toto, and P. Carnevale, 1995: Malaria vectors and transmission in an area deforested for a new international airport in southern Cameroon. Annales de la Société Belge de Medecine Tropicale, 75, 43-49. |
Manga, L., B. Bouchite, J. C. Toto, and A. Froment, 1997a: La faune anophélienne et la transmission du paludisme dans une zone de transition forêt/savane au centre de Cameroun. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 90, 128-130. |
Manga, L., J. C. Toto, G. Le Goff, and J. Brunhes, 1997b: The bionomics of Anopheles funestus and its role in malaria transmission in a forested area of southern Cameroon. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 91, 387-388. |
MARA, 1998: Towards an Atlas of Malaria Risk in Africa: First Technical Report of the MARA/ARMA Collaboration. Durban, 32 pp. |
Martens, W. J. M., 1995: Climate Change and Malaria: Exploring the Risks. Medicine and War, 11, 202-213. |
Martens, W. J. M., T. H. Jetten, J. Rottmans, and L. W. Niessen, 1995a: Climate change and vector-borne diseases: A global modelling perspective Global Environmental Change, 5, 195-209. |
Martens, W. J. M., L. W. Niessen, J. Rotmans, T. H. Jetten, and A. J. McMichael, 1995b: Potential Impact of Global Climate Change on Malaria Risk. Environmental Health Perspectives, 103, 458-464. |
Martens, W. J. M., 1997: Health Impacts of Climate Change and Ozone Depletion: an Eco-epidemiological Modelling Approach. Maastricht University, ??. |
Martens, W. J. M., T. H. Jetten, and D. A. Focks, 1997: Sensitivity of Malaria, Schistomiasis and Dengue to Global Warming. Climatic Change, 35, 145-156. |
Martens, P., 1999: How Will Climate Change Affect Human Health? American Scientist, 87, 534- 541. |
Martens, P., R. S. Kovats, S. Nijhof, P. de Vries, M. T. J. Livermore, D. J. Bradley, J. Cox, and A. J. McMichael, 1999: Climate change and future populations at risk of malaria. Global Environmental Change, 9, S98-S107. |
Martens, P., and L. Hall, 2000: Malaria on the Move: Human Population Movement and Malaria Transmission. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 6, 103-109. |
Martens, P., and C. Thomas, 2005: Climate change and malaria risk: complexity and scaling. In: W. Takken, P. Martens, and R. J. Bogers, 2005: Environmental Change and Malaria Risk - Global and Local Implications. Wageningen UR Frontis Series, Springer, 9, 3-14. |
Martens, P., and W. Takken, 2005: Discussion and epilogue. In: W. Takken, P. Martens, and R. J. Bogers, 2005: Environmental Change and Malaria Risk - Global and Local Implications. Wageningen UR Frontis Series, Springer, 9, 137-138. |
Martin, P. H., and M. Lefebvre, 1995: Malaria and Climate: Sensitivity of Malaria. Potential Transmission to Climate Ambio, 24, 200-207. |
Mathenge, E. M., J. E. Gimnig, M. Kolczak, M. Ombock, L. W. Irungu, and W. A. Hawley, 2001: Effect of Permethrin-Impregnated Nets on Exiting Behavior, Blood Feeding Success, and Time of Feeding of Malaria Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Western Kenia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 38, 531-536. |
Maxwell, C., J. Myamba, K. Njumwa, B. Greenwood, and C. F. Curtis, 1999: Comparison of bednets impregnated with different pyrethroids for their impact on mosquitoes and on re-infection with malaria after clearance of pre-existing infections with chlorproguanil-dapsone. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 93, 4-11. |
Mbogo, C. N. M., G. E. Glass, D. Forster, E. W. Kabiru, J. I. Githure, J. H. Ouma, and J. C. Beier, 1993: Evaluation of light traps for sampling anopheline mosquitoes in Kilifi, Kenya. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 9, 260-263. |
Mbogo, C. M., J. M. Mwangangi, J. G. Nzovu, G. Yan, J. Gunter, C. Swalm, J. Regens, J. Shililu, J. I. Githure, and J. C. Beier, 2003: Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Anopheles mosquitoes and Plasmodium falciparum transmission along the Kenyan coast. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 68, 734-742. |
McCarthy, J. J., O. F. Canziani, N. A. Leary, and D. J. Dokken, 2001: Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Cambridge, 1032 pp. |
McCarthy, M., 2001: Dust clouds implicated in spread of infection. The Lancet, 2001, 358 478. |
McKenzie, F. E., R. C. Wong, and W. H. Bossert, 1998: Discrete-event simulation models of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Simulation, 71, 250-261. |
McKenzie, F. E., R. C. Wong, and W. H. Bossert, 1999: Discrete-event models of mixed-phenotype Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Simulation, 73, 213-217. |
McKenzie, F. E., G. F. Killeen, J. C.Beier, and W. H. Bossert, 2001: Seasonality, parasite diversity, and local extinctions in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Ecology, 82, 2673-2681. |
McKenzie, F. E., J. K. Baird, J. C. Beier, A. A. Lal, and W. H. Bossert, 2002: A biologic basis for integrated malaria control. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 67, 571-577. |
McMichael, A. J., 1995: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges in Predicting the Health Impacts of Climate Change. Medicine and War, 11, 195-201. |
McMichael, A. J., 1997: Integrated assessment of potential health impact of global environmental change: Prospects and limitations. Environmental Modeling Assessment, 2, 129-137. |
McMichael, A. J., J. Patz, and R. S. Kovats, 1998: Impacts of global environmental change on future health and health care in tropical countries. British Medical Bulletin, 54, 475-488. |
McMichael, A. J., 2000: The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalization: issues for developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, 1117-1126. |
McMichael, A. J., and A. Githeko, 2001: Human health. In: Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 451-485. |
McMichael, A. J., M. McKee, V. Shkolnikov, and T. Valkonen, 2004: Mortality trends and setbacks: global convergene or divergence. The Lancet, 363, 1155-1159. |
Meehl, G. A. , T. F. Stocker, W. D. Collins, P. Friedlingstein, A. T. Gaye, J. M. Gregory, A. Kitoh, R. Knutti, J. M. Murphy, A. Noda, S. C. B. Raper, I. G. Watterson, A. J. Weaver, and Z. -C. Zhao, 2007: Global Climate Projections. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. |
Menegon, M., C. Severini, A. Sannella, M. G. Paglia, D. Sangaré, A. Abdel-Wahab, A.-M. A. Abdel-Muhsin, H. Babiker, D. Walliker, and P. Alano, 2000: Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 111, 153-161. |
Menendez, C., 1999: Priority areas for current research on malaria during pregnancy. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93, S71-S74. |
Meunier, J. Y, I. Safeukui, D. Fontenille, and C. Boudin, 1999: Etude de la transmission du paludisme dans une future zone d'essai vaccinal en forêt équatoriale du sud Cameroun. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 92, 309-312. |
Miller, M. J., 1955: Suppression of malaria by monthly drug administration. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 4, 790-799. |
Miller, M. J., 1958: Observations on the natural history of malaria in the semi-resistant West African. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 52, 152-168. |
Miller, L. H., D. I. Baruch, K. Marsh, and O. K. Doumbo, 2002: The pathogenic basis of malaria. Nature, 415, 673-679. |
Minakawa, N., C. M. Mutero, J. I. Githure, J. C. Beier, and G. Yan, 1999: Spatial distribution and habitat characterization of anopheline mosquito larvae in western Kenya. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 61, 1010-1016. |
Minakawa, N., G. Sonye, N. Mogi, A. K. Githeko, and G. Yan, 2002: The Effects of Climatic Factors on the Distribution and Abundance of Malaria Vectors in Kenya. Journal of Medical Entomology, 39, 833-841. |
Minakawa, N., P. Seda, and G. Yan, 2002b: Influence of host and larval habitat distribution on the abundance of African malaria vectors in western Kenya. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 67, 32-38. |
Mitchell, T. D., and P D. Jones, 2005: An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids. International Journal of Climatology, 25, 693-712. |
Modiano D., V. Petrarca, B. S. Sirima, I. Nebie, D. Diallo, F. Esposito, and M. Coluzzi, 1996: Different response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria in West African sympatric ethnic groups. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 93, 13206-13211. |
Moffett, A., N. Shackelford, and S. Sarkar, 2007: Malaria in Africa: Vector Niche Models and Relative Risk Maps:Public Library of Science ONE 2:e824., |
Mogi, M., 1992: Temperature and Photoperiod Effects on Larval Ovarian Development of New Zealand Strains of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 85, 58-66. |
Molesworth, A. M., L. E. Cuevas, A. P. Morse, J. R. Herman, and M. C. Thomson, 2002: Dust clouds and spread of infection. The Lancet, 359, 81-82. |
Molesworth, A. M., M. C. Thomson, S. J. Connor, M. P. Cresswell, A. P. Morse, P. Shears, C. A. Hart, and L. E. Cuevas, 2002: Where is the meningitis belt? Defining an area at risk of epidemic meningitis in Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96, 242-249. |
Molesworth, A. M., L. E. Cuevas, S. J. Connor, A. P. Morse, and M. C. Thomson, 2003: Environmental Risk and Meningitis Epidemics in Africa. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 9, 1287-1293. |
Molineaux, L., J. Storey, J. E. Cohen, and A. Thomas, 1980: A longitudinal study of human malaria in the West African savanna in the absence of control measures: Relationship between different Plasmodium species, in particular P. falciparum and P. malariae. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 29, 725-737. |
Molineaux, L., and G. Gramiccia, 1980: The Garki Project, Research on the Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in the Sudan Savanna of West Africa. Genf, World Health Organization, 311 pp. |
Molineaux, L., 1988: The epidemiology of human malaria as an explanation of its distribution, including some implications for its control. In: Wernsdorfer, W. H., and S. I. McGregor, 1988: Malaria, principles and practice of malariology., New York, 913-998. |
Molyneux, D. H., 1997: Patterns of change in vector-borne diseases. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 91, 827-839. |
Mons, B., 1985: Induction of sexual differentiation in malaria. Parasitology Today, 1, 87-89. |
Monteil, M. A., 2002: Dust clouds and spread of infection. The Lancet, 359, 81. |
Moore, P. S., 1992: Meningococcal Meningitis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Model for the Epidemic Process. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 14, 515-525. mcm |
Morse, A. P., P. Cantelaube, F. J. Doblas-Reyes, L. Dubus, C. Fil, R. Hagedorn, M. B. Hoshen, V. Marletto, J. M. Terres, M. C. Thomson, and T. N. Palmer, 2004: DEMETER: A first step or giant leap in the use of a seasonal ensemble prediction system for application users? CLIVAR Exchanges, 30, 9-13. |
Morse, A. P., F. J. Doblas-Reyes, M. B. Hoshen, R. Hagedorn, and T. N. Palmer, 2005: A forecast quality assessment of an end-to-end probabilistic multi-model seasonal forecast system using a malaria model. Tellus, 57A, 464-475. |
Mouchet, J., O. Faye, J. Julvez, and S. Manguin, 1996: Drought and malaria retreat in the Sahel, West Africa. The Lancet, 348, 1735-1736. |
Mouchet, J., S. Manguin, K. Sircoulon, S. Lavnevale, O. Faye, A. W. Onapa, P. Carnevale, J. Julvez, and D. Fontenille, 1998: Evolution of malaria in Africa for the past 40 years: impact of climatic and human factors. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 14, 121-130. |
Mouchet, J., 2000: Airport malaria: a rare disease still poorly understood. Euro surveillance, 5, 75-76. |
Muirhead-Thomson, R. C., 1951: The distribution of anopheline mosquito bites among different age groups. British Medical Journal, 1, 1114-1117. |
Muirhead-Thomson, R. C., 1954: Factors determining the true reservoir of infection of Plasmodium falciparum and Wuchereria bancrofti in a West African village. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 48, 208-225. |
Muirhead-Thomson, R. C., 1957: The Malarial Infectivity of an African Village Population to Mosquitoes (Anopheles Gambiae): A Random Xenodiagnostic Survey. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 6, 971-979. |
Mulder, B., T. Tchuinkam, K. Dechering, J. P. Verhave, P. Carnevale, J. H. E. T. Meuwissen, and V. Robert, 1994: Malaria transmission-blocking activity in experimental infections of Anopheles gambiae from naturally infected Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88, 121-125. |
Mulder, B., W. van der Ligt, R. Sauerwein, and J. P. Verhave, 1998: Detection of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes with the QBC® test and Giemsa-stained thick blood films for malaria transmission studies in Cameroon. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92, 395-396. |
Munga, S., N. Minakawa, G. Zhou, E. Mushinzimana, O.-O. J. Barrack, A. K. Githeko, and G. Yan, 2006: Association between land cover and habitat productivity of malaria vectors in western Kenyan highlands. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74, 69-75. |
Muriu, S. M., E. J. Muturi, J. I. Shililu, C. M. Mbogo, J. M. Mwangangi, B. G. Jacob, L. W. Irungu, R. W. Mukabana, J. I. Githure, and R. J. Novak, 2008: Host choice and multiple blood feeding behaviour of malaria vectors and other anophelines in Mwea rice scheme, Kenya. Malaria Journal, 7: 43. |
Mutero, C. M., and M. H. Birley, 1987: Estimation of the Survival Rate and Oviposition Cycle of Field Populations of Malaria Vectors in Kenya. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 24, 853-863. |
Mwangangi, J. M., E. J. Muturi, J. Shililu, S. M. Muriu, B. Jacob, E. W. Kabiru, C. M. Mbogo, J. Githure, and R. Novak, 2006: Survival of immature Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in aquatic habitats in Mwea rice irrigation scheme, central Kenya. Malaria Journal, 5: 114. |
N
Nabarro, D. N., and E. M. Tayle, 1998: The "Roll Back Malaria" Campaign. Science, 280, 2067- 2068. |
Nakicenovic, N., J. Alcamo, G. Davis, B. de Vries, J. Fenhann, S. Gaffin, K. Gregory, A. Grübler, T. Y. Jung, T. Kram, E. L. La Rovere, L. Michaelis, S. Mori, T. Morita, W. Pepper, H. Pitcher, L. Price, K. Riahi, A. Roehrl, H. -H. Rogner, A. Sankovski, M. Schlesinger, P. Shukla, S. Smith, R. Swart, S. van Rooijen, N. Victor, and Z. Dadi, 2000: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios: A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, 599 pp. |
Nájera, J. A., 1974: A critical review of the field application of a mathematical model of malaria eradication. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 50, 449-457. |
Naotunne,T. S., N. D. Karunaweera, G. del Giudice, M. U. Kularatne, G. E. Grau, R. Carter, and K. N. Mendis, 1991: Cytokines kill malaria parasites during infection crisis: extracellular complementary factors are essential. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 173, 523-529. |
Naotunne,T. S., N. D. Karunaweera, K. N. Mendis, and R. Carter, 1993: Cytokine-mediated inactivation of malarial gametocytes is dependent on the presence of white blood cells and involves reactive nitrogen intermediates. Immunology, 78, 555-562. |
Nassir, E., A.-M. A. Abdel-Muhsin, S. Suliaman, F. Kenyon, A. Kheir, H. Geha, H. M. Ferguson, D. Walliker, and H. A. Babiker, 2005: Impact of genetic complexity on longevity and gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum during the dry and transmission-free season of eastern Sudan. International Journal for Parasitology, 35, 49-55. |
Ndiaye, O., J.-Y. Le Hesran, J.-F. Etard, A. Diallo, F. Simondon, M. N. Ward, and V. Robert, 2001: Variations climatique et mortalité attribuée au paludisme dans la zone de Niakhar, Sénégal, de 1984 à 1996. Santé, 11, 25-33. |
Ndiaye, P. I., D. J. Bicout, B. Mondet, and P. Sabatier, 2006: Rainfall triggered dynamics of Aedes mosquito aggressiveness. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 243, 222-229. |
Nedelman, J., 1984: Inoculation and recovery rates in the malaria model of Dietz, Molineaux, and Thomas. Mathematical Biosciences, 69, 209-233. |
Nedelman, J., 1989: Gametoctaemia and Infectiousness in Falciparum malaria: Observations and Models. Advances in Disease Vector Research, 6, 59-89. |
New, M., M. Hulme, and P. Jones, 1999: Representing Twentieth-Century Space-Time Climate Variability. Part I: Development of a 1961-1990 Mean Monthly Terrestrial Climatology. Journal of Climate, 12, 829-856. |
New, M., M. Hulme, and P. Jones, 2000: Representing Twentieth-Century Space-Time Climate Variability. Part I: Development of a 1901-1996 Monthly Grids of Terrestrial Surface Climate. Journal of Climate, 13, 2217-2238. |
New, M., D. Lister, M. Hulme, and I. Makin, 2002: A high-resolution data set of surface climate over global land areas. Climate Research, 21, 1-25. |
Nicholson S. E., M. L. Davenport, and A. R. Malo, 1990: A comparison of the vegetation response to rainfall in the Sahel and East Africa, using normalized difference vegetation index from NOAA AVHRR. Climatic Change, 17, 209-241. |
Nikolaev, B. P., 1935: On the influence of temperature on the development of malaria plasmodia in the mosquito. Leningrad Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Bacteriology, 2, 108-109. |
Njan Nloga, A., V. Robert, J. C. Toto, and P. Carnevale, 1993: Anopheles moucheti, vecteur principal du paludisme au sud Cameroun. Bulletin de Liaison et Documentation OCEAC, 26, 63-67. |
Acta Tropuca, 49:87-96.: |
Njunwa, K. J., J. D. Lines, S. M. Magesa, A. E. P. Mnzava, T. J. Wilkes, A. Alilio, K. Kivumbi, and C. F. Curtis, 1991: Trial of pyrethroid impregnated bednets in an area of Tanzania holoendemic for malaria. Part 1. Operational methods and acceptability. Acta Tropica, 49:87-96. |
Norris, D. E., 2004: Mosquito-borne Diseases as a Consequence of Land Use Change. EcoHealth, 1, 19-24. |
Nwakanma, D., A. Kheir, M. Sowa, S. Dunyo, M. Jawara, M. Pinder, P. Milligan, D. Walliker, and H. A. Babiker, 2008: High gametocyte complexity and mosquito infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum in the Gambia. International Journal for Parasitology, 38, 219-227. |
O
Omer, S. M., and J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson, 1968: Dry Season Biology of Anopheles gambiae Giles in the Sudan. Nature, 217, 879-880. |
Omer, S. M., and J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson, 1970: Survival of Female Anopheles gambiae Giles Through a 9-Month Dry Season in Sudan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 42, 319-330. |
Omumbo, J. A., S. I. Hay, C. A. Guerra, and R. W. Snow, 2004: The relationship between the Plasmodium falciparum parasite ratio in childhood and climate estimates of malaria transmission in Kenya. Malaria Journal, 3: 17. |
Omumbo, J. A., S. I. Hay, R. W. Snow, A. J. Tatem, and D. J. Rogers, 2005: Modelling malaria risk in East Africa at high-spatial resolution. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 10, 557-566. |
Ono, T., and T. Nakabayashi, 1990: Gametocytogenesis induction by ammonium compounds in cultured Plasmodium falciparum. International Journal for Parasitology, 20, 615-618. |
Ouédraogo, A. L., P. Schneider, M. de Kruijf, I. Nébié, J. P. Verhave, N. Cuzin-Ouattara, R. W. Sauerwein, 2007: Age-dependent distribution of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes quantified by Pfs25 real-time QT-NASBA in a cross-sectional study in Burkina Faso. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 76, 626-630. |
Ouédraogo, A. L., S. J. de Vlas, I. Nébié, E. Ilboudo-Sanogo, J. T. Bousema, A. S. Ouattara, J. P. Verhave, N. Cuzin-Ouattara, and R. W. Sauerwein, 2008: Seasonal patterns of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte prevalence and density in a rural population of Burkina Faso. Acta Tropica, 105, 28-34. |
P
Paaijmans, K. P., M. O. Wandago, A. K. Githeko, and W. Takken, 2007: Unexpected High Losses of Anopheles gambiae Larvae Due to Rainfall Public Library of Science ONE, 2:e1146. |
Packe, G. E., and J. G. Ayres, 1985: Asthma outbreak during a thunderstorm. The Lancet, 2, 199-204. |
Paeth, H., 2005: The climate of tropical and northern Africa - a statistical-dynamical analysis of the key factors in climate variability and the role of human activity in future climate change. Bonner meteorologische Abhandlungen, No. 61, 320 pp. |
Paeth, H., 2006: Statistical postprocessing of simulated precipitation data for hydrological and climatological analyses in West Africa. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, submitted??. |
Paeth, H., K. Born, R. Girmes, R. Podzun, and D. Jacob, 2007??: Regional climate change in tropical and northern Africa due to greenhouse forcing and land-use changes. Journal of Climate, ??, ?? Submitted to the Journal of Climate. |
Palmer, T. N., A. Alessandri, U. Andersen, P. Cantelaube, M. Davey, P. Délécluse, M. Déqué, E. Diez, F. J. Doblas-Reyes, H. Feddersen, R. Graham, S. Gualdi, J.-F. Guérémy, R. Hagedorn, M. Hoshen, N. Keenlyside, M. Latif, A. Lazar, E. Maisonnave, V. Marletto, A. P. Morse, B. Orfila, P. Rogel, J.-M. Terres, and M. C. Thomson, 2004: Development of a european multi-model ensemble system for seasonal to inter-annual prediction (DEMETER). ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF Technical Memorandum, No. 434, 25 pp. |
Palmer, T. N., A. Alessandri, U. Andersen, P. Cantelaube, M. Davey, P. Délécluse, M. Déqué, E. Diez, F. J. Doblas-Reyes, H. Feddersen, R. Graham, S. Gualdi, J.-F. Guérémy, R. Hagedorn, M. Hoshen, N. Keenlyside, M. Latif, A. Lazar, E. Maisonnave, V. Marletto, A. P. Morse, B. Orfila, P. Rogel, J.-M. Terres, and M. C. Thomson, 2004: Development of a european multi-model ensemble system for seasonal to inter-annual prediction (DEMETER). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 85, 853-872. |
Pascual, M., J. A. Ahumada, L. F. Chaves, X. Rodó, and M. Bouma, 2006: Malaria resurgence in the East African highlands: Temperature trends revisited. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 103, 5829-5834. |
Patz, J. A., P. R. Epstein, T. A. Burke, and J. M. Balbus, 1996: Global Climate Change and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Journal of American Medical Association, 275, 217-223. |
Patz, J. A., K. Strzepec, S. Lele, M. Hedden, S. Green, B. Noden, S. I. Hay, L. Kalkstein, and J. C. Beier, 1998: Predicting key malaria transmission factors, biting and entomological inoculation rates, using modelled soil moisture in Kenja. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 3, 818-827. |
Patz, J. A., and S. W. Lindsay, 1999: New challenges, new tools: the impact of climate change on infectious diseases. Current opinion in microbiology, 2, 445-451. |
Patz, J. A., D. Engelberg, and J. Last, 2000: The effects of changing weather on public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 21, 271-307. |
Patz, J. A., and W. K. Reisen, 2001: Immunology, climate change and vector-borne disease. Trends in Immunology, 22, 171-172. |
Patz, J. A., M. Hulme, C. Rosenzweig, T. D. Mitchell, R. A. Goldberg, A. K. Githeko, S. Lele, A. J. McMichael, and D. Le Sueur, 2002: Regional warming and malaria resurgence. Nature, 420, 627-628. |
Patz, J. A., and S. H. Olson, 2006: Malaria risk and temperature: Influences from global climate change and local land use practices. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 103, 5635-5636. |
Paul, R. E. L., P. T. Brey, and V. Robert, 2002: Plasmodium sex determination and transmission to mosquitoes. Trends in Parasitology, 18, 32-38. |
Paul, R. E. L., S. Bonnet, C. Boudin, T. Tchuinkam, and V. Robert, 2007: Aggregation in malaria parasites places limits on mosquito infection rates. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 7, 577-586. |
Petrarca, V., J. C. Beier, F. Onyango, J. Koros, C. Asiago, D. K. Koech, and C. R. Roberts, 1991: Species Composition of the Anopheles gambiae Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) at Two Sites in Western Kenya. Journal of Medical Entomology, 28, 307-313. |
Petrarca, V. , A. D. Nugud, M. A. Elkarim Ahmed, A .M. Haridi, M. A. Di Deco, and M. Coluzzi, 2000: Cytogenetics of the Anopheles gambiae complex in Sudan, with special reference to An. arabiensis: relationships with East and West African populations. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 14, 149-164. |
Peterson, T. C., and R. S. Vose, 1997: An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network temperature database. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78, 2837-2849. |
Peterson, T. C., R. Vose, R. Schmoyer, and V. Razuvaev, 1998: Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) quality control of monthly temperature data. International Journal of Climatology, 18, 1169-1179. |
Phillips, R. S., 2001: Current Status of Malaria and Potential for Control. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14, 208-226. |
Phillips-Howard, P. A., 1999: Epidemiological and control issues related to malaria in pregnancy. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93, S11-S17. |
Pologe, L. G., 1994: Aberrant transcription and the failure of Plasmodium falciparum to differentiate into gametocytes. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 68, 35-43. |
Ponnudurai, T., J. H. E. T. Meuwissen, A. D. E. M. Leeuwenberg, J. P. Verhave, and A. H. W. Lensen, 1982: The production of mature gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum in continuous cultures of different isolates infective to mosquitoes. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 76, 242-250. |
Porphyre, T., D. J. Bicout, and P. Sabatier, 2005: Modelling the abundance of mosquito vectors versus flooding dynamics. Ecological Modelling, 183, 173-181. |
Port, G. R., P. F. L. Boreham, and J. H. Bryan, 1980: The relationship of host size to feeding by mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 70, 133-144. |
Price, R. N., F. Nosten, C. Luxemburger C, F. O. ter Kuile, L. Paiphun, T. Chongsuphajaisiddhi, and N. J. White, 1996: Effects of artemisinin derivatives on malaria transmissibility. The Lancet, 347, 1654-1658. |
Pull, J. H. and B. Grab, 1974: A simple epidemiological model for evaluating the malaria inoculation rate and the risk of infection in infants. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 51, 507-516. |
Q
Quakyi, I. A., R. G. F. Leke, R. Befidi-Mengue, M. Tsafack, D. Bomba-Nkolo, L. Manga, V. Tchinda, E. Njeungue, S. Kouontchou, J. Fogako, P. Nyonglema, L. T. Harun, R. Djokam, G. Sama, A. Eno, R. Megnekou, S. Metenou, L. Ndountse, A. Same-Ekobo, G. Alake, J. Meli, J. Ngu, F. Tietche, J. Lohoue, J. L. Mvondo, E. Wansi, R. Leke, A. Folefack, J. Bigoga, C. Bomba-Nkolo, V. Titanji, A. Walker-Abbey, M. A. Hickey, A. H. Johnson, and D. W. Taylor, 2000: The epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in two Cameroonian villages: Simbok and Etoa. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 63, 222-230. |
R
Randall, D. A. , R. A. Wood, S. Bony, R. Colman, T. Fichefet, J. Fyfe, V. Kattsov, A. Pitman, J. Shukla, J. Srinivasan, R. J. Stouffer, A. Sumiand, and K. E. Taylor, 2007: Climate Models and Their Evaluation. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. |
Ree, H. I., and U. W. Hwang, 2000: Comparative study on longevity of Anopheles sinensis in malarious and non-malarious areas in Korea. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 38, 263-266. |
Ree, H. I. , U. W. Hwang, I. Y. Lee, and T. E. Kim, 2001: Daily survival and human blood index of Anopheles sinensis, the vector species of malaria in Korea. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 17, 67-72. |
Reeves, W. C., J. L. Hardy, W. K. Reisen, and M. M. Milby, 1994: Potential Effect of Global Warming on Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses. Journal of Medical Entonology, 31, 323-332. |
Reisen, W. K., and M. Aslamkhan, 1979: A release-recapture experiment with the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston, with observations on dispersal, survivorship, population size, gonotrophic rhythm and mating behaviour. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 73, 251-269. |
Reiter, P., 2000: From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice age. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 6, 1-11. |
Reiter, P., 2001: Climate Change and Mosquito-Borne Disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109, 141-161. |
Reiter, P., C. J. Thomas, P. M. Atkinson, S. I. Hay, S. E. Randolph, D. J. Rogers, G. D. Shanks, R. W. Snow, and A. Spielman, 2004: Global warming and malaria: a call for accuracy. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4, 323-324. |
Richie, T. L., and A. Saul, 2002: Progress and challenges for malaria vaccines. Nature, 415, 694-701. |
Rickman, L., T. R. Jones, G. W. Long, S. Paparello, I. Schneider, C. F. Paul, R. L. Beaudoin, and S. L. Hoffman, 1990: Plasmodium falciparum-infected Anopheles stephensi inconsistently transmit malaria to humans. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 43, 441-445. |
Ridley, R. G., 2002: Medical need, scientific opportunity and the drive for antimalarial drugs. Nature, 415, 686-693. |
Robb, A., 1999: Malaria and pregnancy: The implementation of interventions. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93 (Suppl. 1), S67-S70. |
Robert, V., P. Gazin, C. Boudin, J. F. Molez, V. Oueddraogo, and P. Carnevale, 1985: La transmission du paludisme en zone de savane arboreé et en zone rizicole des Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 65, 201-214. |
Robert, V., I. Gazin, V. Ouédraogo, and I. Carnevale, 1986: Le paludisme urbain à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). 1. Etude entomologique de la transmission. Cahiers O.R.S.T.O.M. Série Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie, 24, 121-128. |
Robert, V., P. Carnevale, V. Ouédraogo, V. Petrarca, and M. Coluzzi, 1988: La transmission du paludisme humain dans un village de savane du sud-ouest du Burkina Faso. Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 68, 107-121. |
Robert, V., P. Gazin, R. Benasseni, and P. Carnevale, 1989: Le paludisme urbain à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). In: Salem Gérard (ed.), Jeannée Emile (ed.). Urbanisation et santé dans le Tiers Monde : transition épidémiologique, changement social et soins de santé primaires. Paris: ORSTOM, 1989, pp. 181-185. (Colloques et Séminaires). Séminaire International de Pikine, Pikine (SEN), 1986/12/02-06. |
Robert, V., and P. Carnevale, 1991: Influence of deltamethrin treatment of bed nets on malaria transmission in the Kou valley, Burkina Faso. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 69, 735-740. |
Robert, V., A. van den Broek, P. Stevens, R. Slootweg, V. Petrarca, M. Coluzzi, G. Le Goff, M. A. Di Deco, and P. Carnevale, 1992: Mosquitoes and malaria transmission in irrigated rice-fields in the Benoue Valley of northern Cameroon. Acta Tropica, 52, 201-204. |
Robert, V., G. Le Goff, J.-C. Toto, L. Mulder, E. Fondjo, L. Manga, and P. Carnevale, 1993: Anthropophilic mosquitoes and malaria transmission at Edea, Cameroon. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 44, 14-18. |
Robert, V., A. F. Read, J. Essong, T. Tchuinkam, B. Mulder, J.-P. Verhave, and P. Carnevale, 1996: Effect of gametocyte sex ratio on infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Anopheles gambiae.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90, 621-624. |
Robert, V., H. Dieng, L. Lochouam, S. F. Traoré, J.-F. Trape, F. Simondon, and D. Fontenille, 1998: La transmission du paludisme dans la zone de Niakhar, Sénégal. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 3, 667-677. |
Robert, V., K. Macintyre, J. Keating, W. McWilson, J. P. Trappe, J. B. Duchemin, and J. C. Beier, 2003: Malaria transmission in urban sub-Saharan Africa. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 68, 169-176. |
Roberts, D. R., S. Manguin, and J. Mouchet, 2000: DDT house spraying and re-emerging malaria. The Lancet, 356, 330-332. |
Roeckner, E., G. Bä, uml, L. Bonaventura, R. Brokopf, M. Esch, M. Giorgetta, S. Hagemann , I. Kirchner, L. Kornblueh, E. Manzini, A. Rhodin, U. Schlese, U. Schulzweida, and A. Tompkins: 2003 The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5. Part I: Model description. MPI Report 349, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, 127 pp. |
Roeckner E., K. Arpe, L. Bengtsson, M. Christoph, M. Claussen, L. Dü, menil, M. Esch, M. Giorgetta, U. Schlese, and U. Schulzweida: 1996 The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM-4: model description and simulation of present-day climate. Report No. 218, the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, 90 pp. |
Roeckner, E., R. Brokopf, M. Esch, M. Giorgetta, S. Hagemann, L. Kornblueh, E. Manzini, U. Schlese, and U. Schulzweida, 2006: Sensitivity of Simulated Climate to Horizontal and Vertical Resolution in the ECHAM5 Atmosphere Model. Journal of Climate, 19, 3771-3791. |
Rogers, D. J., and S. E. Randolph, 2000: The Global Spread of Malaria in a Future, Warmer World. Science, 289, 1763-1766 (Corrected in print, 29 Sept. 2000, p. 2283.) |
Rogers, D. J., S. E. Randolph, R. W. Snow, and S. I. Hay, 2002: Satellite imagery in the study and forecast of malaria. Nature, 415, 710-715. |
Rogier, C., and J.-F. Trape, 1995: Etude de l`aquisition de la prémunition en zone d`holo- et de méso-endémie palustre à Dielmo et à Nidiop (Senegal): Résultats préliminaires, 1990-1994. Médecine Tropicale, 55, 71-76. |
Rogier, C., and J.-F. Trape, 1999: Le Paludisme: Organisations, reseaux et initiatives nouvelles. Médecine Tropicale, 59, 55-56. |
Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1987: Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Monthly Weather Review, 115, 1606-1626. |
Rosenberg, R., R. G. Andre, and L. Somchit, 1990a: Highly efficient dry season transmission of malaria in Thailand. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 84, 22-28. |
Rosenberg, R., R. G. Andre, and S. Ketrangsee, 1990b: Seasonal fluctuation of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 84, 29-33. |
Ross, R., 1911: The Prevention of Malaria. John Murray, London, 2nd edition, 669 pp. |
Ross, A., G. Killeen, and T. Smith, 2006a: Relationships between host infectivity to mosquitoes and asexual parasite density in Plasmodium falciparum. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75 (Suppl. 2), 32-37. |
Ross, A., G. Killeen, and T. Smith, 2006b: Infectiousness of malaria-endemic human populations to vectors. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75 (Suppl. 2), 38-45. |
Rossi, P., A. Belli, L. Mancini, and G. Sabatinelli, 1986: Enquête entomologique longitudinale sur la transmission du paludisme à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Parassitologia, 28, 1-15. |
Rotstayn, L. D., and Ulrike Lohmann, 2002: Tropical Rainfall Trends and the Indirect Aerosol Effect. Journal of Climate, 15, 2103-2116. |
Rutledge, L. C., D. J. Gould, and B. Tantichareon, 1969: Factors affecting the infection of anophelines with human malaria in Thailand. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 63, 613-619. |
S
Sabatinelli, G., A. Bosman, L. Lamizana, and P. Rossi, 1986: Prévalence du paludisme à Ouagadougou et dans le milieu rural limitrophé en periode de transmission maximale. Parassitologia, 28, 17-31. |
Sachs, J., and P. Malaney, 2002: The economic and social burden of malaria. Nature, 415, 680-685. |
Sagara, I., D. Sangaré, G. Dolo, A. Guindo, M. Sissoko, M. Sogoba, M. B. Niambélé, D. Yalcoué, D. C. Kaslow, A. Dicko, A. D. Klion, D. Diallo, L. H. Miller, Y. Touré, and O. Doumbo, 2002: A high malaria reinfection rate in children and young adults living under a low entomological inoculation rate in a periurban area of Bamako, Mali. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 66, 310-313 |
Sama, W., G. Killeen, and T. Smith, 2004: Estimating the duration of Plasmodium falciparum infection from trials of indoor residual spraying. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 70, 625-634. |
Samarawickrema, W. A., 1967: A Study of the Age-composition of Natural Populations of Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann in Relation to the Transmission of Filariasis due to Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold) in Ceylon. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 37, 117-137. |
Saul, A., 1996: Transmission Dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology Today, 12, 74-79. |
Schneider, P., W. Takken, and P. J. McCall, 2000: Interspecific competition between sibling species larvae of Anopheles arabiensis and An. gambiae.:Medical and Veterinary Entomology 14, 165-170. |
Schneider, P., L. Wolters, G. Schoone, H. Schallig, P. Sillekens, R. Hermsen, and R. Sauerwein, 2005: Real-Time Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification Is More Convenient than Real-Time PCR for Quantification of Plasmodium falciparum. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43, 402-405. |
Schneider, P., T. Bousema, S. Omar, L. Gouagna, P. Sawa, H. Schallig, and R. Sauerwein, 2006: (Sub)microscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in Kenyan children after treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine monotherapy or in combination with artesunate. International Journal for Parasitology, 36, 403-408. |
Scholte, E.-J., B. N. Njiru, R. C. Smallegang, W. Takken, and B. G. J. Knols, 2003: Infection of malaria (Anopheles gambiae s.s.) and filariasis (Culex quinquefasciatus) vectors with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Malaria Journal, 2: 29. |
Service, M. W., 1965: Some basic entomological factors concerned with the transmission and control of malaria in northern Nigeria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 59, 292-296. |
Service, M. W., 1971: Studies on Sampling Larval Populations of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 45, 169-180. |
Service, M. W., 1973: Mortalities of the larvae of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex and detection of predators by the precipitin test. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 62, 359-369. |
Service, M. W., 1976: Mosquito ecology: Field Sampling Methods. London, Elsevier Applied Science, 583 pp. |
Service, M. W., 1977a: Mortalities of the immature stages of species B of the Anopheles gambiae complex in Kenya: comparison between rice fields and temporary pools, identification of predators, and effects of insecticidal spraying. Journal of Medical Entomology, 13, 535-545. |
Service, M. W., 1977b: A critical review of procedures for sampling populations of adult mosquitoes. Bulletin of Entomological Reasearch, 67, 343-382. |
Seyoum, A., E. W. Kabiru, W. Lwande, G. F. Killeen, A. Hassanali, and B. G. J. Knols, 2002: Repellency of live potted plants against Anopheles gambiae from human baits in semi-field experimental huts. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 67, 191-195. |
Shaman, J. and J. F. Day, 2005: Achieving Operational Hydrologic Monitoring of Mosquitoborne Disease Emerging Infectuous Diseases, 11, 1343-1350. |
Shaman, J. and J. F. Day, 2007: Reproductive Phase Locking of Mosquito Populations in Response to Rainfall Frequency. Public Library of Science ONE, 3, e331. |
Shanks, G. D., K. Biomndo, S. I. Hay, and R. W. Snow, 2000: Changing patterns of clinical malaria since 1965 among a tea estate population located in the Kenyan highlands. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94, 253-255. |
Shanks, G. D., S. I. Hay, D. I. Stern, K. Biomndo, and R. W. Snow, 2002: Meteorologic Influences on Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in the Highland Tea Estates of Kericho, Western Kenya. Emerging infectious diseases, 8, 1404-1408. |
Sharpe, P. J. H. and D. W. DeMichele, 1977: Reaction Kinetics of Poikilotherm Development. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 64, 649-670. |
Shililu J., W. A. Maier, H. M. Seitz, and A. S. Orago, 1998: Seasonal density, sporozoite rates and entomological inoculation rates of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus in a high-altitude sugarcane growing zone in western Kenya. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 3, 706-710. |
Shililu, J., T. Ghebremeskel, S. Mengistu, H. Fekadu, M. Zerom, C. Mbogo, J. Githure, R. Novak, E. Brantly, and J. C. Beier, 2003: High seasonal variation in entomologic inoculation rates in Eritrea, a semi-arid region of unstable malaria in Africa. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 69, 607-613. |
Shin, E-H., W. J. Lee, H. I. Lee, D. K. Lee, and T. A. Klein, 2005: Seasonal population density and daily survival of anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a malaria endemic area, Republic of Korea. Journal of Vector Ecology, 30, 33-40. |
Shulman, C. E., 1999: Malaria in pregnancy: its relevance to safe-motherhood programmes. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93 (Suppl. 1), S59-S66. |
Shute, P. G., and M. Maryon, 1951: A study of gametocytes in a West African strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 44, 421-438. |
Shute, P. G., and M. Maryon, 1957: A study on the infectivity of patients to mosquitoes in the early stages of primary plasmodium vivax malaria (madagascar strain) Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 51, 403-410. |
Simmons, A. J., P. D. Jones, V. da Costa Bechtold, A. C. M. Beljaars, P. W. Kållberg, S. Saarinen, S. M. Uppala, P. Viterbo, and N. Wedi, 2004: Comparison of trends and low-frequency variability in CRU, ERA-40, and NCEP/NCAR analyses of surface air temperature. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, D24115. |
Sinden, R., 1983a: The cell biology of sexual development in plasmodium. Parasitology, 86, 7-28. |
Sinden, R., 1983b: Sexual Development of Malarial Parasites. Advances in Parasitology, 22, 153-216. |
Sissoko, M. S., A. Dicko, O. J. Briet, M. Sissoko, I. Sagara, H. D. Keita, M. Sogoba, C. Rogier, Y. T. Touré, and O. K. Doumbo, 2004: Malaria incidence in relation to rice cultivation in the irrigated Sahel of Mali. Acta Tropica, 89, 161-170. |
Small, J., 2001: Climatic Suitability for Malaria Transmission in Africa, 1901-1995 Scholarly Paper submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Geography of the University of Maryland at College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, 31&nbps;pp. |
Small, J., S. J. Goetz, and S. I. Hay, 2003: Climatic suitability for malaria transmission in Africa, 1911-1995. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 15341-15345. |
Smalley, M. E., 1977: Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: the effect of chloroquine on their development. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71, 526-529. |
Smalley, M. E., and R. E. Sinden, 1977: Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: their longevity and infectivity. Parasitology, 74, 1-8. |
Smalley, M. E., and J. Brown, 1981: Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis stimulated by lymphocytes and serum from infected Gambian children. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75, 316-317. |
Smalley, M. E., S. Abdalla, and J. Brown, 1981a: The distribution of Plasmodium falciparum in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of Gambian children.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 75, 103-105. |
Smalley, M. E., J. Brown, and N. M. Bassett, 1981b: The rate of production of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes during natural infections. 75, 318-319. |
Smith, T., J. D. Charlwood, J. Kihonda, S. Mwankusye, P. Billingsley, J. Meuwissen, E. Lyimo, W. Takken, T. Teuscher, and M. Tanner, 1993: Absence of seasonal variation in malaria parasitaemia in an area of intense seasonal transmission. Acta Tropica, 54, 55-72. |
Smith, T., 1995: Proportionality between light trap catches and biting densities of malaria vectors. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 11, 377-378. |
Smith, T. G., P. Lourenço, R. Carter, D. Walliker, and L. C. Ranford-Cartwright, 2000: Commitment to sexual differentiation in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum Parasitology, 121, 127-133. |
Smith, T., J. D. Charlwood, W. Takken, M. Tanner, and D. J. Spiegelhalter, 1995: Mapping the densities of malaria vectors within a single village. Acta Tropica, 59, 1-18. |
Smith, T. A., R. Leuenberger, and C. Lengeler, 2001: Child mortality and malaria transmission intensity in Africa. Trends in Parasitology, 17, 145-149. |
Smith, T, G. Killeen, C. Lengeler, and M. Tanner, 2004: Relationships between the outcome of Plasmodium falciparum infection and the intensity of transmission in Africa. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71 (Suppl. 2), 80-86. |
Smith, D., and E. McKenzie, 2004: Statics and dynamics of malaria infection in Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria Journal, 3: 13. |
Smith, D. L., J. Dushoff, R. W. Snow, and S. I. Hay, 2005: The entomological inoculation rate and Plasmodium falciparum infection in African children. Nature, 438, 492-495. |
Smith, T., N. Maire, K. Dietz, G. F. Killeen, P. Vounatsou, L. Molineaux, and M. Tanner, 2006a: Relationship between the entomologic inoculation rate and the force of infection for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75 (Suppl. 2), 11-18. |
Smith, T., G. F. Killeen, N. Maire, A. Ross, L. Molineaux, F. Tediosi, G. Hutton, J. Utzinger, K. Dietz, and M. Tanner, 2006b: Mathematical modeling of the impact of malaria vaccines on the clinical epidemiology and natural history of Plasmodium falciparum malaria: Overview. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75 (Suppl. 2):1-10. |
Smith, D. L. , F. E. McKenzie, R. W. Snow, and S. I. Hay, 2007a: Revisiting the Baisc Reproductive Number for Malaria and Its Implications for Malaria Control. Public Library of Science Biology, 5, e42. |
Smith, D. L. , C. A. Guerra, R. W. Snow, and S. I. Hay, 2007b: Standardizing estimates of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate. Malaria Journal, 6: 131. |
Snow, R. W., J. R. M. Armstrong Schellenberg, N. Peshu, D. Foster, C. R. J. C. Newton, P. A. Winstanley, I. Mwangi, C. Waruiru, P. A. Warn, C. Newbold, and K. Marsh, 1993: Periodicity and space-time clustering of severe childhood malaria on the coast of Kenya. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, 386-390. |
Snow, R. W., and K. Marsh, 1995: Will Reducing Plasmodium falciparum Transmission alter Malaria Mortality among African Children? Parasitology Today, 11, 188-190. |
Snow, R. W., K. Marsh, and D. le Sueur, 1996: The Need for Maps of Transmission Intensity to Guide Malaria Control in Africa. Parasitology Today, 12, 455-457. |
Snow, R. W., J. A. Omumbo, B. Lowe, C. S. Molyneux, J. O. Obiero, A. Palmer, M. W. Weber, M. Pinder, B. Nahlen, C. Obonyo, C. Newbold, S. Gupta, and K. Marsh, 1997: Relation between severe malaria morbidity in children and level of Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Africa. The Lancet, 349, 1650-1654. |
Snow, R. W., N. Peshu, D. Forster, G. Bomu, E. Mitsanze, E. Ngumbao, R. Chisengwa, J. R. M. Armstrong Schellenberg, R. J. Hayes, C. I. Newbold, and K. Marsh, 1998a: Environmental and entomological risk factors for the development of clinical malaria among children on the Kenyan coast. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92, 381-385. |
Snow, R. W., E. Gouws, J. Omumbo, B. Rapuoda, M. H. Craig, F. C. Tanser, D. le Sueur, and J. Ouma, 1998b: Models to predict the intensity of Plasmodium falciparum transmission: applications to the burden of disease in Kenya. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92, 601-606. |
Snow, R. W., M. Craig, U. Deichmann, and K. Marsh, 1999a: Estimating mortality, morbidity and disability due to malaria among Africa's non-pregnant population. Bulletin World Health Organization, 77, 624-640. |
Snow, R. W., M. H. Craig, U. Deichmann, and D. le Sueur, 1999b: A Preliminary Continental Risk Map for Malaria Mortality among African Children. Parasitology Today, 15, 99-104. |
Snow, R. W., C. A. Guerra, A. M. Noor, H. Y. Myint, and S. I. Hay, 2005: The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nature, 434, 214-217. |
Snow, R. W, and S. I. Hay, 2006: Comparing methods of estimating the global morbidity burden from Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74, 189-190. |
Sokhna, C. S., F. B. K. Faye, A. Spiegel, H. Dieng, and J.-F. Trape, 2001: Rapid reappearance of Plasmodium falciparum after drug treatment among Senegalese adults exposed to moderate seasonal transmission The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65, 167-170 |
Staedke, S. G., E. W. Nottingham, J. Cox, M. R. Kamya, P. J. Rosenthal, and G. Dorsey, 2003: Short report: Proximity to mosquito breeding sites as a risk factor for clinical malaria episodes in an urban cohort of Ugandan children. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 69, 244-246. |
Stafford Smith, D. M., 1981: Mosquito records from the Republic of Niger, with reference to the construction of the new 'Trans-Sahara Highway'. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 84, 95-100. |
Stanwell-Smith, R. E., J. M. Stuart, A. O. Hughes, P. Robinson, M. B. Griffin, and K. Cartwright, 1994: Smoking, the environment and meningococcal disease: a case control study. Epidemiology and Infection, 112, 315-328. mcm |
Steketee, R. W., and T. K. Mutabingwa, 1999: Malaria in pregnant women: research, epidemiology, policy and practice. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93, S7-S9. |
Stephens, J. W. W., S. R. Christophers, 1908: The practical study of malaria and other blood parasites. London: University Press of Liverpool. |
Stockdale, T. N., D. L. T. Anderson, J. O. S. Alves, and M. A. Balmaseda, 1998: Global seasonal rainfall forecasts using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Nature, 392, 370-373. |
Stürchler, D., 1989: How much Malaria is there Worldwide? Parasitology Today, 5, 39-40. |
Styler, L. M., J. R. Carey, J.-L. Wang, and T. W. Scott, 2007: Mosquitoes do senesce: departure from the paradigm of constant mortality. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 76, 111-117. |
Sultan, B., K Labadi, J.-F. Guégan, and S. Janicot, 2005: Climate Drives the Meningitis Epidemics Onset in West Africa. Public Library of Science Medicine, 2, e6. mcm |
Sutherst, R. W., 1998: Implications of global change and climate variability for vector-borne diseases: generic approaches to impact assessments. International Journal for Parasitology, 28, 935-945. |
Sutherst, R. W., J. S. I. Ingram, and H. Scherm, 1998: Global Change and Vector-Borne Diseases. Parasitology Today, 14, 297-299. |
Sutherst, R. W., 2004: Global Change and Human Vulnerability to Vector-Borne Diseases. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 17, 136-173. |
T
Takken, W., M. J. Klowden, and G. M. Chambers, 1998: Effect of Body Size on Host Seeking and Blood meal Utilization in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae): the Disadvantage of Being Small Journal of Medical Entomology, 35, 639-645. |
Takken, W., and P. Martens, 2005: Introduction. In: W. Takken, P. Martens, and R. J. Bogers, 2005: Environmental Change and Malaria Risk - Global and Local Implications. Wageningen UR Frontis Series, Springer, 9, 1-2. |
Talman, A. M., O. Domarle, F. E. McKenzie, F. Ariey, and V. Robert, 2004:Gametocytogenesis : the puberty of Plasmodium falciparum: Malaria Journal 3:, 24. |
Tanner, M., and D. de Savigny, 2008: Malaria eradication back on the table. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86, 82-83. |
Tanser, F. C., B. Sharp, and D. le Sueur, 2003: Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa. The Lancet, 362, 1792-1798. |
Tatem, A.J., and S. I. Hay, 2004: Measuring Urbanization Pattern and Extent for Malaria Research: A Review of Remote Sensing Approches. Journal of Urban Health, 81, 363-376. |
Taubes, G., 1997: Global Warming: Apocalypse Not. Science, 278, 1004-1006. |
Taylor, C. E., Y. T. Touré, M. Coluzzi, and V. Petrarca, 1993: Effective population size and persistence of Anopheles arabiensis during the dry season in west Africa. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 7, 351-357. |
Tchuinkam, T., B. Mulder, K. Dechering, H. Stoffels, J.-P. Verhave, M. Cot, P. Carnevale, J. H. E. Th. Meuwissen, and V. Robert, 1993: Experimental infections of Anopheles gambiae with Plasmodium falciparum of naturally infected gametocyte carriers in Cameroon: factors influencing the infectivity to mosquitoes. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 44, 271-276. |
Thomas, C., 2004: Malaria: A changed climate in Africa? Nature, 427, 690-691. |
Thomas, C. J., G. Davies, and C. E. Dunn, 2004: Mixed picture for changes in stable malaria distribution with future climate in Africa. Trends in Parasitology, 20, 216-220. |
Thomson, J. G. and A. Robertson, 1935: The structure and development of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in the internal organs and peripheral circulation. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 29, 31-40. |
Thomson, M. C., U. D'Alessandro, S. Bennett, S. J. Connor, P. Langerock, M. Jawara, J. Todd, and B. M. Greenwood, 1994: Malaria prevalence is inversely related to vector density in The Gambia, West Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88, 638-643. |
Thomson, M. C., J. H. Adiamah, S. J. Connor, M. Jawara, S. Bennett, U. D'Alessandro, M. Quinõnes, P. Langerock, and B. M. Greenwood, 1995: Entomological evaluation of The Gambia's national impregnated bednet programme. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 89, 229-241. |
Thomson, M. C., S. J. Connor, P. J. M. Milligan, and S. P. Flasse, 1996: The ecology of malaria - as seen from Earth-observation satellites. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 90, 243-264. |
Thomson, M. C., S. J. Connor, P. Milligan, and S. P. Flasse, 1997: Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa: What can Satellite Data Contribute? Parasitology Today, 13, 313-318. |
Thomson, M. C., S. J. Connor, U. D'Alessandro, B. Rowlingson, P. Diggle, M. Creswell, and B. Greenwood, 1999: Predicting malaria infection in Gambian children from satellite data and bed net use surveys: the importance of spatial correlation in the interpretation of results. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 61, 2-8. |
Thomson, M. C., and S. J. Connor, 2000: Environmental information systems for the control of arthropod vectors of disease. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 14, 227-244. |
Thomson, M. C., T. Palmer, A. P. Morse, M. Cresswell, and S. J. Connor, 2000: Forecasting disease risk with seasonal climate predictions. The Lancet, 355, 1559-1560. |
Thomson, M. C., and S. J. Connor, 2001: The development of Malaria Early Warning Systems for Africa. Trends in Parasitology, 17, 438-445. |
Thomson, M. C., S. J. Connor, N. Ward, and D. Molyneux, 2004: Impact of Climate Variability on Infectious Diseasein West Africa. EcoHealth, 1, 138-150. |
Thomson, M. C., S. J. Mason, T. Phindela, and S. J. Connor, 2005: Use of rainfall and sea surface temperature monitoring for malaria early warning in Botswana. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 73, 214-221. |
Thomson, M. C., F. J. Doblas-Reyes, S. J. Mason, R. Hagedorn, S. J. Connor, T. Phindela, A. P. Morse, and T. N. Palmer, 2006: Malaria early warnings based on seasonal climate forecasts from multi-model ensembles. Nature, 439, 576-579. |
Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large scale models. Monthly Weather Review, 117, 1779-1800. |
Tol, R. S. J. and H. Dowlatabadi, 2001: Vector-borne diseases, development & climate change. Integrated Assessment, 2, 173-181. |
Touré, Y. T., G. Dolo, V. Petrarca, S. F. Traoré, M. Bouaré, A. Dao, J. Carnahan, and C. E. Taylor, 1998: Mark-release-recapture experiments with Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Banambani village, Mali, to determine population size and structure. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 12, 74-83. |
Touré, Y. T., and A. Oduola, 2004: Focus: Malaria Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2, 276-277. |
Trape, J.-F., 1987a: Malaria and urbanization in Central Africa: the example of Brazzaville: Part I: Description of the town and review of previous surveys. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 81 (Suppl. 2), 1-9. |
Trape, J. F., 1987b: Études sur le paludisme dans une zone de mosaique forêt-savane d'Afrique centrale, la région de Brazzaville. II. Densité s parasitaires., Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 80 520-531. |
Trape, J.-F., 1987c: Malaria and urbanization in Central Africa: the example of Brazzaville: Part IV. Parasitological and serological surveys in urban and surrounding rural areas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 81 (Suppl. 2), 26-33. |
Trape, J.-F., and A. Zoulani, 1987a: Malaria and urbanization in Central Africa: the example of Brazzaville: Part II: Results of entomological surveys and epidemiological analysis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 81 (Suppl. 2), 10-18. |
Trape, J.-F., and A. Zoulani, 1987b: Malaria and urbanization in Central Africa: the example of Brazzaville. Part III: Relationships between urbanization and the intensity of malaria transmission. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 81 (Suppl. 2), 19-25. |
Trape, J. F. and A. Zoulani, 1987c: Études sur le paludisme dans une zone de mosaique forêt-savane d'Afrique centrale, la région de Brazzaville. I. Résultats des enquêtes entomologiques. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 80, 84-99. |
Trape, J.-F., E. Lefebvre-Zante, F. Legros, G. Ndiaye, H. Bouganali, P. Druilhe, and G. Salem, 1992: Vector density gradients and the epidemiology of urban malaria in Dakar, Senegal. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 47, 181-189. |
Trape, J.-F., C. Rogier, L. Konaté, N. Diagne, H. Bouganali, B. Canque, F. Legros, A. Badji, G. Ndiaye, P. Ndiaye, K. Brahimi, O. Faye, P. Druilhe, and L. Pereira Da Silva, 1994: The Dielmo Project: a Longitudinal Study of Natural Malaria Infection and the Mechanisms of Protective Immunity in a Community Living in a Holoendemic Area of Senegal. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 51, 123-137. |
Trape, J.-F., 1999: Changements climatiques et maladies infectieuses: le cas du paludisme et de la borréliose à tiques. Médecine et maladies infectieuses, 29, 296-300. |
Trape, J.-F., 2001: Contre: Les limites des moustiquaires imprégnées dans la lutte contre le paludisme en Afrique tropicale. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 94, 174-179. |
Trape, J.-F., G. Pison, A. Spiegel, C. Enel, and C. Rogier, 2002: Combating malaria in Africa Trends in Parasitology, 18, 224-230. |
Trape, J.-F., 2005: Etude de l'impact du changement climatique sur les maladies à transmission vectorielle en Afrique de l'Ouest: le cas de la borréliose à tiques et du paludisme. APR Gestion et Impact du Changement Climatique 2002, Rapport Final, 46 pp. |
Trenberth, K. E., P. D. Jones, P. Ambenje, R. Bojariu, D. Easterling, A. Klein Tank, D. Parker, F. Rahimzadeh, J. A. Renwick, M. Rusticucci, B. Soden, and P. Zhai, 2007: Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. |
U
United Nations, 2006: World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision. United Nations Publications, Population Database, http://esa.un.org/unpp/. |
Uppala, S. M., P. W. Kållberg, A. J. Simmons, U. Andrae, V. da Costa Bechtold, M. Fiorino, J. K. Gibson, J. Haseler, A. Hernandez, G. A. Kelly, X. Li, K. Onogi, S. Saarinen, N. Sokka, R. P. Allan, E. Andersson, K. Arpe, M. A. Balmaseda, A. C. M. Beljaars, L. van de Berg, J. Bidlot, N. Bormann, S. Caires, F. Chevallier, A. Dethof, M. Dragosavac, M. Fisher, M. Fuentes, S. Hagemann, E. Hólm, B. J. Hoskins, L. Isaksen, P. A. E. M. Janssen, R. Jenne, A. P. McNally, J.-F. Mahfouf, J.-J. Morcrette, N. A. Rayner, R. W. Saunders, P. Simon, A. Sterl, K. E. Trenberth, A. Untch, D. Vasiljevic, P. Viterbo, and J. Woollen, 2005: The ERA-40 reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 131, 2961-3012. |
Trenberth, K. E., P. D. Jones, P. Ambenje, R. Bojariu, D. Easterling, A. Klein Tank, D. Parker, F. Rahimzadeh, J. A. Renwick, M. Rusticucci, B. Soden, and P. Zhai, 2007: Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. |
V
van der Hoek, W., 2004: How can better farming methods reduce malaria? Acta Tropica, 89, 95-97. |
van&nbps;der Kolk, M., A. E. Tebo, H. Nimpaye, D. N. Ndombol, R. W. Sauerwein, and W. M. C. Eling, Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in urban Yaoundé, Cameroon, is seasonal and age-dependent.: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 97, 375-379. |
van Lieshout, M., R. S. Kovats, M. T. J. Livermore, and P. Martens, 2004: Climate change and malaria: analysis of the SRES climate and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environmental Change, 14, 87-99. |
Velema, J. P., E. M. Alihonou, J. P. Chippaux, Y. van Boxel, E. Gbedji, and R. Adegbini, 1991: Malaria morbidity and mortality in children under three years of age on the coast of Benin, West Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 430-435. |
Vercruysse, J., and M. Jancloes, 1981: Etude entomologique sur la transmission du paludisme humain dans la zone urbaine de Pikine (Senegal). Cahiers O.R.S.T.O.M. Série Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie, 19, 165-178. |
Vercruysse, J., M. Jancloes, and L. van de Velden, 1983: Epidemiology of seasonal falciparum malaria in an urban area of Senegal. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 61, 821-831. |
Vercruysse, J., 1985a: Étude entomologique sur la transmission du paludisme humain dans le bassin du fleuve Sénégal (Senegal). Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 65 (Suppl. 2), 171-179. |
Vercruysse, J., 1985b: Estimation of the Survival Rate of Anopheles arabiensis in an Urban Area (Pikine-Senegal). The Journal of Animal Ecology, 54, 343-350. |
W
Waddy, B. B., Frontiers and Disease in West Africa: Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 61, 100-107. |
Walker, E. , D .A. R. Thibault, A. P. Thelen, B. A. Bullard, J. Huang, M. R. Odiere, N. M. Bayoh, E. E. Wilkins, and J. M. Vulule, 2007: Identification of field caught Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis by TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. Malaria Journal, 6: 23. |
Walter, A., K. Keuler, D. Jacob, R. Knoche, A. Block, S. Kotlarski, G. Moller-Westermeier, D. Rechid, W. Ahrens, 2006: A high resolution reference data set of German wind velocity 1951-2001 and comparison with regional climate model results. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 15, 585-596. |
Wanji, S., T. Tanke, S. N. Atanga, C. Ajonina, T. Nicholas, and D. Fontenille, 2003: Anopheles species of the mount Cameroon region: biting habits, feeding behaviour and entomological inoculation rates. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 8, 643-649 |
Washburn, J. O., 1995: Regulatory factors affecting larval mosquito populations in container and pool habitats: implications for biological control. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 11, 279-283. |
Wernsdorfer, W. H., and S. I. McGregor, 1988a: Malaria - Principles and Practice of Malariology. Edinburgh, London, Melbourne, and New York, 1, 1-912. |
Wernsdorfer, W. H., and S. I. McGregor, 1988b: Malaria - Principles and Practice of Malariology. Edinburgh, London, Melbourne, and New York, 2, 913-1818. |
White, G. B., 1974: Anopheles gambiae complex and disease transmission in Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 68, 278-301. |
White, N. J., F. Nosten, S. Looareesuwan, W. M. Watkins, K. Marsh, R. W. Snow, G. Kokwaro, J. Ouma, T. T. Hien, M. E. Molyneux, T. E. Taylor, C. I. Newbold, T. K. Ruebush II, M. Danis, B. M. Greenwood, R. M. Anderson, and P. Olliaro, 1999: Averting a malaria disaster. The Lancet, 353, 1965-1967. |
Whitty, C. j., R. Allan, V. Wiseman, S. Ochola, M. V. Nakyanzi-Mugisha, B. Vonhm, M. Mwita, C. Miaka, A. Oloo, Z. Premji, C. Burgess, and T. K. Mutabingwa, 2004: Averting a malaria disaster in Africa--where does the buck stop? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82, 381-384. |
Weiss, S., 2002: Malaria. Nature, 415, 669. |
Wongsrichanalai, C., J. Pornsilapatip, V. Namsiripongpun, H. K. Webster, A. Luccini, P. Pansamdang, H. Wilde, and M. Prasittsuk, Acridine orange fluorescent microscopy and the detection of malaria in populations with low-density parasitemia.: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 44, 17-20. |
World Health Organization, 1997: World malaria situation in 1994. Weekly epidemiological record, 72, 269-276. |
World Health Organization, 2001: Malaria Early Warning Systems - Concepts, Indicators and Partners - A Framework for Field Research in Africa. Geneva, 80 pp. |
World Health Organization, 2003a: Climate change and human health - risks and responses. Summary. Geneva, 37 pp. |
World Health Organization, 2003b: The World Health Report 2003: Shaping the Future. Geneva, 210 pp. |
World Health Organization, 2005a: New, affordable vaccine stops meningitis - now WHO appeals for funds. Weekly epidemiological record, 78, 359. mcm |
World Health Organization, 2005b: Enhanced surveillance of epidemic meningococcal meningitis in Africa: a three-year experience. Weekly epidemiological record, 80, 313-320. mcm |
World Health Organization, 2006: The Health of the People. In: The African Regional Health Report, Addis Ababa, London, Geneva, 169 pp. |
World Health Organization, and unicef, 2005: World malaria report. Geneva and New York??, 6 pp.?? |
World Meteorological Organization, 1995: Resolution 40 (Cg-XII): WMO policy and practice for the exchange of meteorological and related data and products including guidelines on relationships in commercial meteorological activities. Twelfth WMO Congress, Geneva, May/June 1995, 4 pp. |
World Meteorological Organization, 1996: Climatological Normals (CLINO) for the Period 1961-1990. Geneva, No. 847, 768 pp. |
Worrall, E., A. Rietveld, and C. Delacollette, 2004: The Burden of Malaria Epidemics and Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions in Epidemic Situations in Africa. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71 (Suppl. 2), 136-140. |
Worrall, E., S. J. Connor, and M. C. Thomson, 2007: A model to simulate the impact of timing, coverage and transmission intensity on the effectiveness of indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria control. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 12, 75-88. |
Yaka, P., B. Sultan, S. Janicot, H. Broutin, S. Philippon, N. Fourquet, and M. F. Courel, 2006: Climate and meningitis outbreaks in West Africa. unpublished manuscript. mcm |
X
Y
Ye-Ebiyo, Y., R. J. Pollack, and A. Spielman, 2000: Enhanced development in nature of larval Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes feeding on maize pollen. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 63, 90-93. |
Ye-Ebiyo, Y., R. J. Pollack, A. Kiszewski, and A. Spielman, 2003: Enhancement of development of larval Anopheles arabiensis by proximity to flowering maize (zea mays) in turbid water and when crowded. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 68, 748-752. |
Z
Zaim, M., A. H. Zahirnia, and A. V. Manouchehri, 1993: Survival rates of Anopheles culicifacies s.l. and Anopheles pulcherrimus in sprayed and unsprayed villages in Ghassreghand district, Baluchistan, Iran, 1991. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 9, 421-425. |
Zhang, X., F. W. Zwiers, G. C. Hegerl, F. H. Lambert, N. P. Gillett, S. Solomon, P. A. Stott, and T. Nozawa, 2007: Detection of human influence on twentieth-century precipitation trends. Nature, 448, 461-465. |
Zhou, G., N. Minakawa, A. K. Githeko, and G. Yan, 2004: Association between climate variability and malaria epidemics in the east African highlands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 2375-2380. |
Zhou, G., N. Minakawa, A. K. Githeko, and G. Yan, 2005: Climate variability and malaria epidemics in the highlands of East Africa. Trends in Parasitology, 21, 54-56. |
Zhou, G., S. Munga, N. Minakawa, A. K. Githeko, and G. Yan, 2007: Spatial Relationship between Adult Malaria Vector Abundance and Environmental Factors in Western Kenya Highlands. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 77, 29-35. |
Zwetyenga, J., C. Rogier, A. Tall, D. Fontenille, G. Snounou, J.-F. Trape, and O. Mercereau-Puijalon, 1998: No influence of age on infection complexity and allelic distribution in Plasmodium falciparum infections in Ndiop, a Senegalese village with seasonal, mesoendemic malaria. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 59, 726-735. |
|
|